crypto: Key struct for secure buffers

crypto: Key struct for secure buffers

This commit adds in the crypto package, which will hold all
of the security primitives for fscrypt. This first component deals with
securely handling keys in memory. To do this in a consistent way across
fscrypt, we introduce the Key struct.

Any sensitive memory (like keys, passwords, or recovery tokens) in
fscrypt will be held in a Key. No code outside of the crypto package
should access the Key's data directly. Convenience functions and methods
are provided to construct keys from io.Readers (either with fixed length
or with variable length) and to access information about the Keys.

The most important property of Keys is that the data is locked in memory
on construction, and the data is unlocked and wiped when Wipe is called.
This happens either by something like "defer key.Wipe()" or through the
finalizer.

Change-Id: Ice76335f3975efb439b3f1ab605ef34cb7fcb4d6