Fix fragile CacheTest::ApplyToAllEntriesDuringResize (#10145)

Fix fragile CacheTest::ApplyToAllEntriesDuringResize (#10145)

Summary:
As seen in https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/10137, simply churning the cache key hashes (e.g.
by changing the raw cache keys) could trigger failure in this test, due
to possibility of some cache shard exceeding its portion of capacity
and evicting entries. Updated the test to be less fragile by using
greater margins, and added a pre-check for evictions, which doesn't
manifest as a race condition, before the main check that can race.

Also added stack trace handler to cache_test for debugging.

Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/10145

Test Plan:
test thousands of iterations with gtest-parallel, including
with changes in https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/10137 that were surfacing the problem. Pre-check
without the fix would always fail with https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/10137

Reviewed By: guidotag

Differential Revision: D37058771

Pulled By: pdillinger

fbshipit-source-id: a7cf137967aef49c07ae9602d8523c63e7388fab