cephadm/tests: Add tests for deb bundled dependencies

cephadm/tests: Add tests for deb bundled dependencies

Add container definitions and test cases for building cephadm with
Debian package dependencies. The new test_cephadm_build_from_debs
function mirrors the existing RPM test structure, verifying that:

- Build succeeds when required Debian packages are installed
- Build fails when packages are missing
- Bundled packages are correctly identified as sourced from 'deb'
- All expected packages (Jinja2, MarkupSafe, PyYAML) are included
- The zipapp contains expected package directories

Test environments include Ubuntu 22.04 and 24.04 with and without
the required python3-jinja2, python3-yaml, and python3-markupsafe
packages.

Signed-off-by: Kefu Chai <k.chai@proxmox.com>
(cherry picked from commit f670dce5d0b819f2fb105339d8611509e81a0355)