ceph: fix BUG_ON in __ceph_build_xattrs_blob() due to stale blob size

ceph: fix BUG_ON in __ceph_build_xattrs_blob() due to stale blob size

The generic/642 test-case can reproduce the kernel crash:

[40243.605254] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[40243.605956] kernel BUG at fs/ceph/xattr.c:918!
[40243.607142] Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP PTI
[40243.608067] CPU: 7 UID: 0 PID: 498762 Comm: kworker/7:1 Not tainted 7.0.0-rc7+ #3 PREEMPT(full)
[40243.609700] Hardware name: QEMU Ubuntu 25.10 PC v2 (i440FX + PIIX, + 10.1 machine, 1996), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014
[40243.611820] Workqueue: ceph-msgr ceph_con_workfn
[40243.612715] RIP: 0010:__ceph_build_xattrs_blob+0x1b8/0x1e0
[40243.613731] Code: 0f 84 82 fe ff ff e9 cf 8e 56 ff 48 8d 65 e8 31 c0 5b 41 5c 41 5d 5d 31 d2 31 c9 31 f6 31 ff 45 31 c0 45 31 c9 c3 cc cc cc cc <0f> 0b 4c 8b 62 08 41 8b 85 24 07 00 00 49 83 c4 04 41 89 44 24 fc
[40243.616888] RSP: 0018:ffffcc80c4d4b688 EFLAGS: 00010287
[40243.617773] RAX: 0000000000010026 RBX: 0000000000000001 RCX: 0000000000000000
[40243.618928] RDX: ffff8a773798dee0 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000000
[40243.620158] RBP: ffffcc80c4d4b6a0 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
[40243.621573] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff8a75f3b58000
[40243.622907] R13: ffff8a75f3b58000 R14: 0000000000000080 R15: 000000000000bffd
[40243.624054] FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff8a787d1b4000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[40243.625331] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[40243.626269] CR2: 000072f390b623c0 CR3: 000000011c02a003 CR4: 0000000000372ef0
[40243.627408] Call Trace:
[40243.627839]  <TASK>
[40243.628188]  __prep_cap+0x3fd/0x4a0
[40243.628789]  ? do_raw_spin_unlock+0x4e/0xe0
[40243.629474]  ceph_check_caps+0x46a/0xc80
[40243.630094]  ? __lock_acquire+0x4a2/0x2650
[40243.630773]  ? find_held_lock+0x31/0x90
[40243.631347]  ? handle_cap_grant+0x79f/0x1060
[40243.632068]  ? lock_release+0xd9/0x300
[40243.632696]  ? __mutex_unlock_slowpath+0x3e/0x340
[40243.633429]  ? lock_release+0xd9/0x300
[40243.634052]  handle_cap_grant+0xcf6/0x1060
[40243.634745]  ceph_handle_caps+0x122b/0x2110
[40243.635415]  mds_dispatch+0x5bd/0x2160
[40243.636034]  ? ceph_con_process_message+0x65/0x190
[40243.636828]  ? lock_release+0xd9/0x300
[40243.637431]  ceph_con_process_message+0x7a/0x190
[40243.638184]  ? kfree+0x311/0x4f0
[40243.638749]  ? kfree+0x311/0x4f0
[40243.639268]  process_message+0x16/0x1a0
[40243.639915]  ? sg_free_table+0x39/0x90
[40243.640572]  ceph_con_v2_try_read+0xf58/0x2120
[40243.641255]  ? lock_acquire+0xc8/0x300
[40243.641863]  ceph_con_workfn+0x151/0x820
[40243.642493]  process_one_work+0x22f/0x630
[40243.643093]  ? process_one_work+0x254/0x630
[40243.643770]  worker_thread+0x1e2/0x400
[40243.644332]  ? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10
[40243.645020]  kthread+0x109/0x140
[40243.645560]  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
[40243.646125]  ret_from_fork+0x3f8/0x480
[40243.646752]  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
[40243.647316]  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
[40243.647919]  ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30
[40243.648556]  </TASK>
[40243.648902] Modules linked in: overlay hctr2 libpolyval chacha libchacha adiantum libnh libpoly1305 essiv intel_rapl_msr intel_rapl_common intel_uncore_frequency_common skx_edac_common nfit kvm_intel kvm irqbypass joydev ghash_clmulni_intel aesni_intel rapl input_leds mac_hid psmouse vga16fb serio_raw vgastate floppy i2c_piix4 pata_acpi bochs qemu_fw_cfg i2c_smbus sch_fq_codel rbd dm_crypt msr parport_pc ppdev lp parport efi_pstore
[40243.654766] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---

Commit d93231a6bc8a ("ceph: prevent a client from exceeding the MDS
maximum xattr size") moved the required_blob_size computation to before
the __build_xattrs() call, introducing a race.

__build_xattrs() releases and reacquires i_ceph_lock during execution.
In that window, handle_cap_grant() may update i_xattrs.blob with a
newer MDS-provided blob and bump i_xattrs.version.  When
__build_xattrs() detects that index_version < version, it destroys and
rebuilds the entire xattr rb-tree from the new blob, potentially
increasing count, names_size, and vals_size.

The prealloc_blob size check that follows still uses the stale
required_blob_size computed before the rebuild, so it passes even when
prealloc_blob is too small for the now-larger tree. After __set_xattr()
adds one more xattr on top, __ceph_build_xattrs_blob() is called from
the cap flush path and hits:

    BUG_ON(need > ci->i_xattrs.prealloc_blob->alloc_len);

Fix this by recomputing required_blob_size after __build_xattrs()
returns, using the current tree state. Also re-validate against
m_max_xattr_size to fall back to the sync path if the rebuilt tree now
exceeds the MDS limit.

Fixes: d93231a6bc8a ("ceph: prevent a client from exceeding the MDS maximum xattr size")
Link: https://tracker.ceph.com/issues/55725
Signed-off-by: Viacheslav Dubeyko <Slava.Dubeyko@ibm.com>
cc: Alex Markuze <amarkuze@redhat.com>
cc: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
cc: Patrick Donnelly <pdonnell@redhat.com>
cc: Ceph Development <ceph-devel@vger.kernel.org>