return out_msg;
 }
 
-static struct exynos_drm_gem_obj *
-exynos_drm_gem_init(struct drm_device *drm_dev, struct drm_file *file_priv,
-                   unsigned int *handle, unsigned int size)
+static int exynos_drm_gem_handle_create(struct drm_gem_object *obj,
+                                       struct drm_file *file_priv,
+                                       unsigned int *handle)
 {
-       struct exynos_drm_gem_obj *exynos_gem_obj;
-       struct drm_gem_object *obj;
        int ret;
 
-       exynos_gem_obj = kzalloc(sizeof(*exynos_gem_obj), GFP_KERNEL);
-       if (!exynos_gem_obj) {
-               DRM_ERROR("failed to allocate exynos gem object.\n");
-               return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
-       }
-
-       obj = &exynos_gem_obj->base;
-
-       ret = drm_gem_object_init(drm_dev, obj, size);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               DRM_ERROR("failed to initialize gem object.\n");
-               ret = -EINVAL;
-               goto err;
-       }
-
-       DRM_DEBUG_KMS("created file object = 0x%x\n", (unsigned int)obj->filp);
-
        /*
         * allocate a id of idr table where the obj is registered
         * and handle has the id what user can see.
         */
        ret = drm_gem_handle_create(file_priv, obj, handle);
        if (ret)
-               goto err_release;
+               return ret;
 
        DRM_DEBUG_KMS("gem handle = 0x%x\n", *handle);
 
        /* drop reference from allocate - handle holds it now. */
        drm_gem_object_unreference_unlocked(obj);
 
-       return exynos_gem_obj;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+void exynos_drm_gem_destroy(struct exynos_drm_gem_obj *exynos_gem_obj)
+{
+       struct drm_gem_object *obj;
+
+       DRM_DEBUG_KMS("%s\n", __FILE__);
+
+       if (!exynos_gem_obj)
+               return;
+
+       obj = &exynos_gem_obj->base;
+
+       DRM_DEBUG_KMS("handle count = %d\n", atomic_read(&obj->handle_count));
+
+       exynos_drm_buf_destroy(obj->dev, exynos_gem_obj->buffer);
 
-err_release:
+       if (obj->map_list.map)
+               drm_gem_free_mmap_offset(obj);
+
+       /* release file pointer to gem object. */
        drm_gem_object_release(obj);
 
-err:
        kfree(exynos_gem_obj);
-       return ERR_PTR(ret);
+}
+
+static struct exynos_drm_gem_obj *exynos_drm_gem_init(struct drm_device *dev,
+                                                     unsigned long size)
+{
+       struct exynos_drm_gem_obj *exynos_gem_obj;
+       struct drm_gem_object *obj;
+       int ret;
+
+       exynos_gem_obj = kzalloc(sizeof(*exynos_gem_obj), GFP_KERNEL);
+       if (!exynos_gem_obj) {
+               DRM_ERROR("failed to allocate exynos gem object\n");
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       obj = &exynos_gem_obj->base;
+
+       ret = drm_gem_object_init(dev, obj, size);
+       if (ret < 0) {
+               DRM_ERROR("failed to initialize gem object\n");
+               kfree(exynos_gem_obj);
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       DRM_DEBUG_KMS("created file object = 0x%x\n", (unsigned int)obj->filp);
+
+       return exynos_gem_obj;
 }
 
 struct exynos_drm_gem_obj *exynos_drm_gem_create(struct drm_device *dev,
-                                                struct drm_file *file_priv,
-                                                unsigned int *handle,
                                                 unsigned long size)
 {
-
-       struct exynos_drm_gem_obj *exynos_gem_obj;
        struct exynos_drm_gem_buf *buffer;
+       struct exynos_drm_gem_obj *exynos_gem_obj;
 
        size = roundup(size, PAGE_SIZE);
        DRM_DEBUG_KMS("%s: size = 0x%lx\n", __FILE__, size);
        if (!buffer)
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
 
-       exynos_gem_obj = exynos_drm_gem_init(dev, file_priv, handle, size);
-       if (IS_ERR(exynos_gem_obj)) {
+       exynos_gem_obj = exynos_drm_gem_init(dev, size);
+       if (!exynos_gem_obj) {
                exynos_drm_buf_destroy(dev, buffer);
-               return exynos_gem_obj;
+               return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
        }
 
        exynos_gem_obj->buffer = buffer;
 {
        struct drm_exynos_gem_create *args = data;
        struct exynos_drm_gem_obj *exynos_gem_obj;
+       int ret;
 
        DRM_DEBUG_KMS("%s\n", __FILE__);
 
-       exynos_gem_obj = exynos_drm_gem_create(dev, file_priv, &args->handle,
-                       args->size);
+       exynos_gem_obj = exynos_drm_gem_create(dev, args->size);
        if (IS_ERR(exynos_gem_obj))
                return PTR_ERR(exynos_gem_obj);
 
+       ret = exynos_drm_gem_handle_create(&exynos_gem_obj->base, file_priv,
+                       &args->handle);
+       if (ret) {
+               exynos_drm_gem_destroy(exynos_gem_obj);
+               return ret;
+       }
+
        return 0;
 }
 
 
        vma->vm_flags |= (VM_IO | VM_RESERVED);
 
+       /* in case of direct mapping, always having non-cachable attribute */
        vma->vm_page_prot = pgprot_noncached(vma->vm_page_prot);
        vma->vm_file = filp;
 
 
 void exynos_drm_gem_free_object(struct drm_gem_object *obj)
 {
-       struct exynos_drm_gem_obj *exynos_gem_obj;
-
        DRM_DEBUG_KMS("%s\n", __FILE__);
 
-       DRM_DEBUG_KMS("handle count = %d\n",
-                       atomic_read(&obj->handle_count));
-
-       if (obj->map_list.map)
-               drm_gem_free_mmap_offset(obj);
-
-       /* release file pointer to gem object. */
-       drm_gem_object_release(obj);
-
-       exynos_gem_obj = to_exynos_gem_obj(obj);
-
-       exynos_drm_buf_destroy(obj->dev, exynos_gem_obj->buffer);
-
-       kfree(exynos_gem_obj);
+       exynos_drm_gem_destroy(to_exynos_gem_obj(obj));
 }
 
 int exynos_drm_gem_dumb_create(struct drm_file *file_priv,
                               struct drm_mode_create_dumb *args)
 {
        struct exynos_drm_gem_obj *exynos_gem_obj;
+       int ret;
 
        DRM_DEBUG_KMS("%s\n", __FILE__);
 
        args->pitch = args->width * args->bpp >> 3;
        args->size = args->pitch * args->height;
 
-       exynos_gem_obj = exynos_drm_gem_create(dev, file_priv, &args->handle,
-                       args->size);
+       exynos_gem_obj = exynos_drm_gem_create(dev, args->size);
        if (IS_ERR(exynos_gem_obj))
                return PTR_ERR(exynos_gem_obj);
 
+       ret = exynos_drm_gem_handle_create(&exynos_gem_obj->base, file_priv,
+                       &args->handle);
+       if (ret) {
+               exynos_drm_gem_destroy(exynos_gem_obj);
+               return ret;
+       }
+
        return 0;
 }