btrfs: introduce btrfs specific idmapped mounts tests
[xfstests-dev.git] / src / idmapped-mounts / idmapped-mounts.c
index 1e7c25aa99029be97f373ad0815c8f5cc8bd6b99..78b7cc094772a5d337c9364d676cb241c114e6a5 100644 (file)
 #include <sys/xattr.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#ifdef HAVE_LINUX_BTRFS_H
+#include <linux/btrfs.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_LINUX_BTRFS_TREE_H
+#include <linux/btrfs_tree.h>
+#endif
+
 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_CAPABILITY_H
 #include <sys/capability.h>
 #endif
@@ -91,12 +99,21 @@ const char *t_fstype;
 /* path of the test device */
 const char *t_device;
 
+/* path of the test scratch device */
+const char *t_device_scratch;
+
 /* mountpoint of the test device */
 const char *t_mountpoint;
 
+/* mountpoint of the test device */
+const char *t_mountpoint_scratch;
+
 /* fd for @t_mountpoint */
 int t_mnt_fd;
 
+/* fd for @t_mountpoint_scratch */
+int t_mnt_scratch_fd;
+
 /* fd for @T_DIR1 */
 int t_dir1_fd;
 
@@ -9520,241 +9537,4068 @@ out:
        return fret;
 }
 
-static void usage(void)
-{
-       fprintf(stderr, "Description:\n");
-       fprintf(stderr, "    Run idmapped mount tests\n\n");
+#ifndef HAVE_STRUCT_BTRFS_IOCTL_VOL_ARGS
 
-       fprintf(stderr, "Arguments:\n");
-       fprintf(stderr, "--device                     Device used in the tests\n");
-       fprintf(stderr, "--fstype                     Filesystem type used in the tests\n");
-       fprintf(stderr, "--help                       Print help\n");
-       fprintf(stderr, "--mountpoint                 Mountpoint of device\n");
-       fprintf(stderr, "--supported                  Test whether idmapped mounts are supported on this filesystem\n");
-       fprintf(stderr, "--test-core                  Run core idmapped mount testsuite\n");
-       fprintf(stderr, "--test-fscaps-regression     Run fscap regression tests\n");
-       fprintf(stderr, "--test-nested-userns         Run nested userns idmapped mount testsuite\n");
+#ifndef BTRFS_PATH_NAME_MAX
+#define BTRFS_PATH_NAME_MAX 4087
+#endif
 
-       _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
-}
+struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args {
+       __s64 fd;
+       char name[BTRFS_PATH_NAME_MAX + 1];
+};
+#endif
 
-static const struct option longopts[] = {
-       {"device",                      required_argument,      0,      'd'},
-       {"fstype",                      required_argument,      0,      'f'},
-       {"mountpoint",                  required_argument,      0,      'm'},
-       {"supported",                   no_argument,            0,      's'},
-       {"help",                        no_argument,            0,      'h'},
-       {"test-core",                   no_argument,            0,      'c'},
-       {"test-fscaps-regression",      no_argument,            0,      'g'},
-       {"test-nested-userns",          no_argument,            0,      'n'},
-       {NULL,                          0,                      0,        0},
+#ifndef HAVE_STRUCT_BTRFS_QGROUP_LIMIT
+struct btrfs_qgroup_limit {
+       __u64 flags;
+       __u64 max_rfer;
+       __u64 max_excl;
+       __u64 rsv_rfer;
+       __u64 rsv_excl;
 };
+#endif
 
-struct t_idmapped_mounts {
-       int (*test)(void);
-       const char *description;
-} basic_suite[] = {
-       { acls,                                                         "posix acls on regular mounts",                                                                 },
-       { create_in_userns,                                             "create operations in user namespace",                                                          },
-       { device_node_in_userns,                                        "device node in user namespace",                                                                },
-       { expected_uid_gid_idmapped_mounts,                             "expected ownership on idmapped mounts",                                                        },
-       { fscaps,                                                       "fscaps on regular mounts",                                                                     },
-       { fscaps_idmapped_mounts,                                       "fscaps on idmapped mounts",                                                                    },
-       { fscaps_idmapped_mounts_in_userns,                             "fscaps on idmapped mounts in user namespace",                                                  },
-       { fscaps_idmapped_mounts_in_userns_separate_userns,             "fscaps on idmapped mounts in user namespace with different id mappings",                       },
-       { fsids_mapped,                                                 "mapped fsids",                                                                                 },
-       { fsids_unmapped,                                               "unmapped fsids",                                                                               },
-       { hardlink_crossing_mounts,                                     "cross mount hardlink",                                                                         },
-       { hardlink_crossing_idmapped_mounts,                            "cross idmapped mount hardlink",                                                                },
-       { hardlink_from_idmapped_mount,                                 "hardlinks from idmapped mounts",                                                               },
-       { hardlink_from_idmapped_mount_in_userns,                       "hardlinks from idmapped mounts in user namespace",                                             },
-#ifdef HAVE_LIBURING_H
-       { io_uring,                                                     "io_uring",                                                                                     },
-       { io_uring_userns,                                              "io_uring in user namespace",                                                                   },
-       { io_uring_idmapped,                                            "io_uring from idmapped mounts",                                                                },
-       { io_uring_idmapped_userns,                                     "io_uring from idmapped mounts in user namespace",                                              },
-       { io_uring_idmapped_unmapped,                                   "io_uring from idmapped mounts with unmapped ids",                                              },
-       { io_uring_idmapped_unmapped_userns,                            "io_uring from idmapped mounts with unmapped ids in user namespace",                            },
+#ifndef HAVE_STRUCT_BTRFS_QGROUP_INHERIT
+struct btrfs_qgroup_inherit {
+       __u64 flags;
+       __u64 num_qgroups;
+       __u64 num_ref_copies;
+       __u64 num_excl_copies;
+       struct btrfs_qgroup_limit lim;
+       __u64 qgroups[0];
+};
 #endif
-       { protected_symlinks,                                           "following protected symlinks on regular mounts",                                               },
-       { protected_symlinks_idmapped_mounts,                           "following protected symlinks on idmapped mounts",                                              },
-       { protected_symlinks_idmapped_mounts_in_userns,                 "following protected symlinks on idmapped mounts in user namespace",                            },
-       { rename_crossing_mounts,                                       "cross mount rename",                                                                           },
-       { rename_crossing_idmapped_mounts,                              "cross idmapped mount rename",                                                                  },
-       { rename_from_idmapped_mount,                                   "rename from idmapped mounts",                                                                  },
-       { rename_from_idmapped_mount_in_userns,                         "rename from idmapped mounts in user namespace",                                                },
-       { setattr_truncate,                                             "setattr truncate",                                                                             },
-       { setattr_truncate_idmapped,                                    "setattr truncate on idmapped mounts",                                                          },
-       { setattr_truncate_idmapped_in_userns,                          "setattr truncate on idmapped mounts in user namespace",                                        },
-       { setgid_create,                                                "create operations in directories with setgid bit set",                                         },
-       { setgid_create_idmapped,                                       "create operations in directories with setgid bit set on idmapped mounts",                      },
-       { setgid_create_idmapped_in_userns,                             "create operations in directories with setgid bit set on idmapped mounts in user namespace",    },
-       { setid_binaries,                                               "setid binaries on regular mounts",                                                             },
-       { setid_binaries_idmapped_mounts,                               "setid binaries on idmapped mounts",                                                            },
-       { setid_binaries_idmapped_mounts_in_userns,                     "setid binaries on idmapped mounts in user namespace",                                          },
-       { setid_binaries_idmapped_mounts_in_userns_separate_userns,     "setid binaries on idmapped mounts in user namespace with different id mappings",               },
-       { sticky_bit_unlink,                                            "sticky bit unlink operations on regular mounts",                                               },
-       { sticky_bit_unlink_idmapped_mounts,                            "sticky bit unlink operations on idmapped mounts",                                              },
-       { sticky_bit_unlink_idmapped_mounts_in_userns,                  "sticky bit unlink operations on idmapped mounts in user namespace",                            },
-       { sticky_bit_rename,                                            "sticky bit rename operations on regular mounts",                                               },
-       { sticky_bit_rename_idmapped_mounts,                            "sticky bit rename operations on idmapped mounts",                                              },
-       { sticky_bit_rename_idmapped_mounts_in_userns,                  "sticky bit rename operations on idmapped mounts in user namespace",                            },
-       { symlink_regular_mounts,                                       "symlink from regular mounts",                                                                  },
-       { symlink_idmapped_mounts,                                      "symlink from idmapped mounts",                                                                 },
-       { symlink_idmapped_mounts_in_userns,                            "symlink from idmapped mounts in user namespace",                                               },
-       { threaded_idmapped_mount_interactions,                         "threaded operations on idmapped mounts",                                                       },
+
+#ifndef HAVE_STRUCT_BTRFS_IOCTL_VOL_ARGS_V2
+
+#ifndef BTRFS_SUBVOL_NAME_MAX
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOL_NAME_MAX 4039
+#endif
+
+struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args_v2 {
+       __s64 fd;
+       __u64 transid;
+       __u64 flags;
+       union {
+               struct {
+                       __u64 size;
+                       struct btrfs_qgroup_inherit *qgroup_inherit;
+               };
+               __u64 unused[4];
+       };
+       union {
+               char name[BTRFS_SUBVOL_NAME_MAX + 1];
+               __u64 devid;
+               __u64 subvolid;
+       };
 };
+#endif
 
-struct t_idmapped_mounts fscaps_in_ancestor_userns[] = {
-       { fscaps_idmapped_mounts_in_userns_valid_in_ancestor_userns,    "fscaps on idmapped mounts in user namespace writing fscap valid in ancestor userns",           },
+#ifndef HAVE_STRUCT_BTRFS_IOCTL_INO_LOOKUP_ARGS
+
+#ifndef BTRFS_INO_LOOKUP_PATH_MAX
+#define BTRFS_INO_LOOKUP_PATH_MAX 4080
+#endif
+struct btrfs_ioctl_ino_lookup_args {
+       __u64 treeid;
+       __u64 objectid;
+       char name[BTRFS_INO_LOOKUP_PATH_MAX];
 };
+#endif
 
-struct t_idmapped_mounts t_nested_userns[] = {
-       { nested_userns,                                                "test that nested user namespaces behave correctly when attached to idmapped mounts",           },
+#ifndef HAVE_STRUCT_BTRFS_IOCTL_INO_LOOKUP_USER_ARGS
+
+#ifndef BTRFS_VOL_NAME_MAX
+#define BTRFS_VOL_NAME_MAX 255
+#endif
+
+#ifndef BTRFS_INO_LOOKUP_USER_PATH_MAX
+#define BTRFS_INO_LOOKUP_USER_PATH_MAX (4080 - BTRFS_VOL_NAME_MAX - 1)
+#endif
+
+struct btrfs_ioctl_ino_lookup_user_args {
+       __u64 dirid;
+       __u64 treeid;
+       char name[BTRFS_VOL_NAME_MAX + 1];
+       char path[BTRFS_INO_LOOKUP_USER_PATH_MAX];
 };
+#endif
 
-static bool run_test(struct t_idmapped_mounts suite[], size_t suite_size)
-{
-       int i;
+#ifndef HAVE_STRUCT_BTRFS_IOCTL_GET_SUBVOL_ROOTREF_ARGS
 
-       for (i = 0; i < suite_size; i++) {
-               struct t_idmapped_mounts *t = &suite[i];
-               int ret;
-               pid_t pid;
+#ifndef BTRFS_MAX_ROOTREF_BUFFER_NUM
+#define BTRFS_MAX_ROOTREF_BUFFER_NUM 255
+#endif
 
-               test_setup();
+struct btrfs_ioctl_get_subvol_rootref_args {
+       __u64 min_treeid;
+       struct {
+               __u64 treeid;
+               __u64 dirid;
+       } rootref[BTRFS_MAX_ROOTREF_BUFFER_NUM];
+       __u8 num_items;
+       __u8 align[7];
+};
+#endif
 
-               pid = fork();
-               if (pid < 0)
-                       return false;
+#ifndef BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC
+#define BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC 0x94
+#endif
 
-               if (pid == 0) {
-                       ret = t->test();
-                       if (ret)
-                               die("failure: %s", t->description);
+#ifndef BTRFS_IOC_SNAP_DESTROY
+#define BTRFS_IOC_SNAP_DESTROY \
+       _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 15, struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args)
+#endif
 
-                       exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
-               }
+#ifndef BTRFS_IOC_SNAP_DESTROY_V2
+#define BTRFS_IOC_SNAP_DESTROY_V2 \
+       _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 63, struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args_v2)
+#endif
 
-               ret = wait_for_pid(pid);
-               test_cleanup();
+#ifndef BTRFS_IOC_SNAP_CREATE_V2
+#define BTRFS_IOC_SNAP_CREATE_V2 \
+       _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 23, struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args_v2)
+#endif
 
-               if (ret)
-                       return false;
-       }
+#ifndef BTRFS_IOC_SUBVOL_CREATE_V2
+#define BTRFS_IOC_SUBVOL_CREATE_V2 \
+       _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 24, struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args_v2)
+#endif
 
-       return true;
-}
+#ifndef BTRFS_IOC_SUBVOL_GETFLAGS
+#define BTRFS_IOC_SUBVOL_GETFLAGS _IOR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 25, __u64)
+#endif
 
-int main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-       int fret, ret;
-       int index = 0;
-       bool supported = false, test_core = false,
-            test_fscaps_regression = false, test_nested_userns = false;
+#ifndef BTRFS_IOC_SUBVOL_SETFLAGS
+#define BTRFS_IOC_SUBVOL_SETFLAGS _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 26, __u64)
+#endif
 
-       while ((ret = getopt_long_only(argc, argv, "", longopts, &index)) != -1) {
-               switch (ret) {
-               case 'd':
-                       t_device = optarg;
-                       break;
-               case 'f':
-                       t_fstype = optarg;
-                       break;
-               case 'm':
-                       t_mountpoint = optarg;
-                       break;
-               case 's':
-                       supported = true;
-                       break;
-               case 'c':
-                       test_core = true;
-                       break;
-               case 'g':
-                       test_fscaps_regression = true;
-                       break;
-               case 'n':
-                       test_nested_userns = true;
-                       break;
-               case 'h':
-                       /* fallthrough */
-               default:
-                       usage();
-               }
-       }
+#ifndef BTRFS_IOC_INO_LOOKUP
+#define BTRFS_IOC_INO_LOOKUP \
+       _IOWR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 18, struct btrfs_ioctl_ino_lookup_args)
+#endif
 
-       if (!t_device)
-               die_errno(EINVAL, "test device missing");
+#ifndef BTRFS_IOC_INO_LOOKUP_USER
+#define BTRFS_IOC_INO_LOOKUP_USER \
+       _IOWR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 62, struct btrfs_ioctl_ino_lookup_user_args)
+#endif
 
-       if (!t_fstype)
-               die_errno(EINVAL, "test filesystem type missing");
+#ifndef BTRFS_IOC_GET_SUBVOL_ROOTREF
+#define BTRFS_IOC_GET_SUBVOL_ROOTREF \
+       _IOWR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 61, struct btrfs_ioctl_get_subvol_rootref_args)
+#endif
 
-       if (!t_mountpoint)
-               die_errno(EINVAL, "mountpoint of test device missing");
+#ifndef BTRFS_SUBVOL_RDONLY
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOL_RDONLY (1ULL << 1)
+#endif
 
-       /* create separate mount namespace */
-       if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS))
-               die("failure: create new mount namespace");
+#ifndef BTRFS_SUBVOL_SPEC_BY_ID
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOL_SPEC_BY_ID (1ULL << 4)
+#endif
 
-       /* turn off mount propagation */
-       if (sys_mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_REC | MS_PRIVATE, 0))
-               die("failure: turn mount propagation off");
+#ifndef BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID
+#define BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID 256ULL
+#endif
 
-       t_mnt_fd = openat(-EBADF, t_mountpoint, O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
-       if (t_mnt_fd < 0)
-               die("failed to open %s", t_mountpoint);
+static int btrfs_delete_subvolume(int parent_fd, const char *name)
+{
+       struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args args = {};
+       size_t len;
+       int ret;
 
-       /*
-        * Caller just wants to know whether the filesystem we're on supports
-        * idmapped mounts.
-        */
-       if (supported) {
-               int open_tree_fd = -EBADF;
-               struct mount_attr attr = {
-                       .attr_set       = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
-                       .userns_fd      = -EBADF,
-               };
+       len = strlen(name);
+       if (len >= sizeof(args.name))
+               return -ENAMETOOLONG;
 
-               /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
-               attr.userns_fd  = get_userns_fd(0, 1000, 1);
-               if (attr.userns_fd < 0)
-                       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+       memcpy(args.name, name, len);
+       args.name[len] = '\0';
 
-               open_tree_fd = sys_open_tree(t_mnt_fd, "",
-                                            AT_EMPTY_PATH |
-                                            AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT |
-                                            AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW |
-                                            OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
-                                            OPEN_TREE_CLONE);
-               if (open_tree_fd < 0)
-                       ret = -1;
-               else
-                       ret = sys_mount_setattr(open_tree_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr, sizeof(attr));
+       ret = ioctl(parent_fd, BTRFS_IOC_SNAP_DESTROY, &args);
+       if (ret < 0)
+               return -1;
 
-               close(open_tree_fd);
-               close(attr.userns_fd);
+       return 0;
+}
 
-               if (ret)
-                       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+static int btrfs_delete_subvolume_id(int parent_fd, uint64_t subvolid)
+{
+       struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args_v2 args = {};
+       int ret;
 
-               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
-       }
+       args.flags = BTRFS_SUBVOL_SPEC_BY_ID;
+       args.subvolid = subvolid;
 
-       stash_overflowuid();
-       stash_overflowgid();
+       ret = ioctl(parent_fd, BTRFS_IOC_SNAP_DESTROY_V2, &args);
+       if (ret < 0)
+               return -1;
 
-       fret = EXIT_FAILURE;
+       return 0;
+}
 
-       if (test_core && !run_test(basic_suite, ARRAY_SIZE(basic_suite)))
-               goto out;
+static int btrfs_create_subvolume(int parent_fd, const char *name)
+{
+       struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args_v2 args = {};
+       size_t len;
+       int ret;
 
-       if (test_fscaps_regression &&
-           !run_test(fscaps_in_ancestor_userns,
-                     ARRAY_SIZE(fscaps_in_ancestor_userns)))
-               goto out;
+       len = strlen(name);
+       if (len >= sizeof(args.name))
+               return -ENAMETOOLONG;
 
-       if (test_nested_userns &&
-           !run_test(t_nested_userns, ARRAY_SIZE(t_nested_userns)))
+       memcpy(args.name, name, len);
+       args.name[len] = '\0';
+
+       ret = ioctl(parent_fd, BTRFS_IOC_SUBVOL_CREATE_V2, &args);
+       if (ret < 0)
+               return -1;
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_create_snapshot(int fd, int parent_fd, const char *name,
+                                int flags)
+{
+       struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args_v2 args = {
+               .fd = fd,
+       };
+       size_t len;
+       int ret;
+
+       if (flags & ~BTRFS_SUBVOL_RDONLY)
+               return -EINVAL;
+
+       len = strlen(name);
+       if (len >= sizeof(args.name))
+               return -ENAMETOOLONG;
+       memcpy(args.name, name, len);
+       args.name[len] = '\0';
+
+       if (flags & BTRFS_SUBVOL_RDONLY)
+               args.flags |= BTRFS_SUBVOL_RDONLY;
+       ret = ioctl(parent_fd, BTRFS_IOC_SNAP_CREATE_V2, &args);
+       if (ret < 0)
+               return -1;
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_get_subvolume_ro(int fd, bool *read_only_ret)
+{
+       uint64_t flags;
+       int ret;
+
+       ret = ioctl(fd, BTRFS_IOC_SUBVOL_GETFLAGS, &flags);
+       if (ret < 0)
+               return -1;
+
+       *read_only_ret = flags & BTRFS_SUBVOL_RDONLY;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_set_subvolume_ro(int fd, bool read_only)
+{
+       uint64_t flags;
+       int ret;
+
+       ret = ioctl(fd, BTRFS_IOC_SUBVOL_GETFLAGS, &flags);
+       if (ret < 0)
+               return -1;
+
+       if (read_only)
+               flags |= BTRFS_SUBVOL_RDONLY;
+       else
+               flags &= ~BTRFS_SUBVOL_RDONLY;
+
+       ret = ioctl(fd, BTRFS_IOC_SUBVOL_SETFLAGS, &flags);
+       if (ret < 0)
+               return -1;
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_get_subvolume_id(int fd, uint64_t *id_ret)
+{
+       struct btrfs_ioctl_ino_lookup_args args = {
+           .treeid = 0,
+           .objectid = BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID,
+       };
+       int ret;
+
+       ret = ioctl(fd, BTRFS_IOC_INO_LOOKUP, &args);
+       if (ret < 0)
+               return -1;
+
+       *id_ret = args.treeid;
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The following helpers are adapted from the btrfsutils library. We can't use
+ * the library directly since we need full control over how the subvolume
+ * iteration happens. We need to be able to check whether unprivileged
+ * subvolume iteration is possible, i.e. whether BTRFS_IOC_INO_LOOKUP_USER is
+ * available and also ensure that it is actually used when looking up paths.
+ */
+struct btrfs_stack {
+       uint64_t tree_id;
+       struct btrfs_ioctl_get_subvol_rootref_args rootref_args;
+       size_t items_pos;
+       size_t path_len;
+};
+
+struct btrfs_iter {
+       int fd;
+       int cur_fd;
+
+       struct btrfs_stack *search_stack;
+       size_t stack_len;
+       size_t stack_capacity;
+
+       char *cur_path;
+       size_t cur_path_capacity;
+};
+
+static struct btrfs_stack *top_stack_entry(struct btrfs_iter *iter)
+{
+       return &iter->search_stack[iter->stack_len - 1];
+}
+
+static int pop_stack(struct btrfs_iter *iter)
+{
+       struct btrfs_stack *top, *parent;
+       int fd, parent_fd;
+       size_t i;
+
+       if (iter->stack_len == 1) {
+               iter->stack_len--;
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       top = top_stack_entry(iter);
+       iter->stack_len--;
+       parent = top_stack_entry(iter);
+
+       fd = iter->cur_fd;
+       for (i = parent->path_len; i < top->path_len; i++) {
+               if (i == 0 || iter->cur_path[i] == '/') {
+                       parent_fd = openat(fd, "..", O_RDONLY);
+                       if (fd != iter->cur_fd)
+                               close(fd);
+                       if (parent_fd == -1)
+                               return -1;
+                       fd = parent_fd;
+               }
+       }
+       if (iter->cur_fd != iter->fd)
+               close(iter->cur_fd);
+       iter->cur_fd = fd;
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int append_stack(struct btrfs_iter *iter, uint64_t tree_id, size_t path_len)
+{
+       struct btrfs_stack *entry;
+
+       if (iter->stack_len >= iter->stack_capacity) {
+               size_t new_capacity = iter->stack_capacity * 2;
+               struct btrfs_stack *new_search_stack;
+
+               new_search_stack = reallocarray(iter->search_stack, new_capacity,
+                                               sizeof(*iter->search_stack));
+               if (!new_search_stack)
+                       return -ENOMEM;
+
+               iter->stack_capacity = new_capacity;
+               iter->search_stack = new_search_stack;
+       }
+
+       entry = &iter->search_stack[iter->stack_len];
+
+       memset(entry, 0, sizeof(*entry));
+       entry->path_len = path_len;
+       entry->tree_id = tree_id;
+
+       if (iter->stack_len) {
+               struct btrfs_stack *top;
+               char *path;
+               int fd;
+
+               top = top_stack_entry(iter);
+               path = &iter->cur_path[top->path_len];
+               if (*path == '/')
+                       path++;
+               fd = openat(iter->cur_fd, path, O_RDONLY);
+               if (fd == -1)
+                       return -errno;
+
+               close(iter->cur_fd);
+               iter->cur_fd = fd;
+       }
+
+       iter->stack_len++;
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_iterator_start(int fd, uint64_t top, struct btrfs_iter **ret)
+{
+       struct btrfs_iter *iter;
+       int err;
+
+       iter = malloc(sizeof(*iter));
+       if (!iter)
+               return -ENOMEM;
+
+       iter->fd = fd;
+       iter->cur_fd = fd;
+
+       iter->stack_len = 0;
+       iter->stack_capacity = 4;
+       iter->search_stack = malloc(sizeof(*iter->search_stack) *
+                                   iter->stack_capacity);
+       if (!iter->search_stack) {
+               err = -ENOMEM;
+               goto out_iter;
+       }
+
+       iter->cur_path_capacity = 256;
+       iter->cur_path = malloc(iter->cur_path_capacity);
+       if (!iter->cur_path) {
+               err = -ENOMEM;
+               goto out_search_stack;
+       }
+
+       err = append_stack(iter, top, 0);
+       if (err)
+               goto out_cur_path;
+
+       *ret = iter;
+
+       return 0;
+
+out_cur_path:
+       free(iter->cur_path);
+out_search_stack:
+       free(iter->search_stack);
+out_iter:
+       free(iter);
+       return err;
+}
+
+static void btrfs_iterator_end(struct btrfs_iter *iter)
+{
+       if (iter) {
+               free(iter->cur_path);
+               free(iter->search_stack);
+               if (iter->cur_fd != iter->fd)
+                       close(iter->cur_fd);
+               close(iter->fd);
+               free(iter);
+       }
+}
+
+static int __append_path(struct btrfs_iter *iter, const char *name,
+                        size_t name_len, const char *dir, size_t dir_len,
+                        size_t *path_len_ret)
+{
+       struct btrfs_stack *top = top_stack_entry(iter);
+       size_t path_len;
+       char *p;
+
+       path_len = top->path_len;
+       /*
+        * We need a joining slash if we have a current path and a subdirectory.
+        */
+       if (top->path_len && dir_len)
+               path_len++;
+       path_len += dir_len;
+       /*
+        * We need another joining slash if we have a current path and a name,
+        * but not if we have a subdirectory, because the lookup ioctl includes
+        * a trailing slash.
+        */
+       if (top->path_len && !dir_len && name_len)
+               path_len++;
+       path_len += name_len;
+
+       /* We need one extra character for the NUL terminator. */
+       if (path_len + 1 > iter->cur_path_capacity) {
+               char *tmp = realloc(iter->cur_path, path_len + 1);
+
+               if (!tmp)
+                       return -ENOMEM;
+               iter->cur_path = tmp;
+               iter->cur_path_capacity = path_len + 1;
+       }
+
+       p = iter->cur_path + top->path_len;
+       if (top->path_len && dir_len)
+               *p++ = '/';
+       memcpy(p, dir, dir_len);
+       p += dir_len;
+       if (top->path_len && !dir_len && name_len)
+               *p++ = '/';
+       memcpy(p, name, name_len);
+       p += name_len;
+       *p = '\0';
+
+       *path_len_ret = path_len;
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_subvolume_path(struct btrfs_iter *iter, uint64_t treeid,
+                             uint64_t dirid, size_t *path_len_ret)
+{
+       struct btrfs_ioctl_ino_lookup_user_args args = {
+               .treeid = treeid,
+               .dirid = dirid,
+       };
+       int ret;
+
+       ret = ioctl(iter->cur_fd, BTRFS_IOC_INO_LOOKUP_USER, &args);
+       if (ret == -1)
+               return -1;
+
+       return __append_path(iter, args.name, strlen(args.name), args.path,
+                            strlen(args.path), path_len_ret);
+}
+
+static int btrfs_iterator_next(struct btrfs_iter *iter, char **path_ret,
+                              uint64_t *id_ret)
+{
+       struct btrfs_stack *top;
+       uint64_t treeid, dirid;
+       size_t path_len;
+       int ret, err;
+
+       for (;;) {
+               for (;;) {
+                       if (iter->stack_len == 0)
+                               return 1;
+
+                       top = top_stack_entry(iter);
+                       if (top->items_pos < top->rootref_args.num_items) {
+                               break;
+                       } else {
+                               ret = ioctl(iter->cur_fd,
+                                           BTRFS_IOC_GET_SUBVOL_ROOTREF,
+                                           &top->rootref_args);
+                               if (ret == -1 && errno != EOVERFLOW)
+                                       return -1;
+                               top->items_pos = 0;
+
+                               if (top->rootref_args.num_items == 0) {
+                                       err = pop_stack(iter);
+                                       if (err)
+                                               return err;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+
+               treeid = top->rootref_args.rootref[top->items_pos].treeid;
+               dirid = top->rootref_args.rootref[top->items_pos].dirid;
+               top->items_pos++;
+               err = get_subvolume_path(iter, treeid, dirid, &path_len);
+               if (err) {
+                       /* Skip the subvolume if we can't access it. */
+                       if (errno == EACCES)
+                               continue;
+                       return err;
+               }
+
+               err = append_stack(iter, treeid, path_len);
+               if (err) {
+                       /*
+                        * Skip the subvolume if it does not exist (which can
+                        * happen if there is another filesystem mounted over a
+                        * parent directory) or we don't have permission to
+                        * access it.
+                        */
+                       if (errno == ENOENT || errno == EACCES)
+                               continue;
+                       return err;
+               }
+
+               top = top_stack_entry(iter);
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+out:
+       if (path_ret) {
+               *path_ret = malloc(top->path_len + 1);
+               if (!*path_ret)
+                       return -ENOMEM;
+               memcpy(*path_ret, iter->cur_path, top->path_len);
+               (*path_ret)[top->path_len] = '\0';
+       }
+       if (id_ret)
+               *id_ret = top->tree_id;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1 "subvol1"
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1 "subvol1_snapshot1"
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1_RO "subvol1_snapshot1_ro"
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_RENAME "subvol1_rename"
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOLUME2 "subvol2"
+
+static int btrfs_subvolumes_fsids_mapped(void)
+{
+       int fret = -1;
+       int open_tree_fd = -EBADF, tree_fd = -EBADF;
+       struct mount_attr attr = {
+               .attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+       };
+       pid_t pid;
+
+       if (!caps_supported())
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+       attr.userns_fd  = get_userns_fd(0, 10000, 10000);
+       if (attr.userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       open_tree_fd = sys_open_tree(t_dir1_fd, "",
+                                    AT_EMPTY_PATH |
+                                    AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT |
+                                    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLONE);
+       if (open_tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_open_tree");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (sys_mount_setattr(open_tree_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr, sizeof(attr))) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_mount_setattr");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * The open_tree() syscall returns an O_PATH file descriptor which we
+        * can't use with ioctl(). So let's reopen it as a proper file
+        * descriptor.
+        */
+       tree_fd = openat(open_tree_fd, ".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       pid = fork();
+       if (pid < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fork");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (pid == 0) {
+               if (!switch_fsids(10000, 10000))
+                       die("failure: switch fsids");
+
+               if (!caps_up())
+                       die("failure: raise caps");
+
+               /*
+                * The caller's fsids now have mappings in the idmapped mount so
+                * any file creation must succeed.
+                */
+
+               /* create subvolume */
+               if (btrfs_create_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 10000, 10000))
+                       die("failure: check ownership");
+
+               /* remove subvolume */
+               if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+
+               /* create subvolume */
+               if (btrfs_create_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 10000, 10000))
+                       die("failure: check ownership");
+
+               if (!caps_down())
+                       die("failure: lower caps");
+
+               /*
+                * The filesystem is not mounted with user_subvol_rm_allowed so
+                * subvolume deletion must fail.
+                */
+               if (!btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+               if (errno != EPERM)
+                       die("failure: errno");
+
+               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+       }
+       if (wait_for_pid(pid))
+               goto out;
+
+       if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 10000, 10000))
+               die("failure: check ownership");
+
+       /* remove subvolume */
+       if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       fret = 0;
+       log_debug("Ran test");
+out:
+       safe_close(attr.userns_fd);
+       safe_close(open_tree_fd);
+       safe_close(tree_fd);
+
+       return fret;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_subvolumes_fsids_mapped_userns(void)
+{
+       int fret = -1;
+       int open_tree_fd = -EBADF, tree_fd = -EBADF;
+       struct mount_attr attr = {
+               .attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+       };
+       pid_t pid;
+
+       if (!caps_supported())
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+       attr.userns_fd  = get_userns_fd(0, 10000, 10000);
+       if (attr.userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       open_tree_fd = sys_open_tree(t_dir1_fd, "",
+                                    AT_EMPTY_PATH |
+                                    AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT |
+                                    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLONE);
+       if (open_tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_open_tree");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (sys_mount_setattr(open_tree_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr, sizeof(attr))) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_mount_setattr");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * The open_tree() syscall returns an O_PATH file descriptor which we
+        * can't use with ioctl(). So let's reopen it as a proper file
+        * descriptor.
+        */
+       tree_fd = openat(open_tree_fd, ".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       pid = fork();
+       if (pid < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fork");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (pid == 0) {
+               if (!switch_userns(attr.userns_fd, 0, 0, false))
+                       die("failure: switch_userns");
+
+               /* The caller's fsids now have mappings in the idmapped mount so
+                * any file creation must fail.
+                */
+
+               /* create subvolume */
+               if (btrfs_create_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 0, 0))
+                       die("failure: check ownership");
+
+               /* remove subvolume */
+               if (!btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+
+               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+       }
+       if (wait_for_pid(pid))
+               goto out;
+
+       /* remove subvolume */
+       if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       fret = 0;
+       log_debug("Ran test");
+out:
+       safe_close(attr.userns_fd);
+       safe_close(open_tree_fd);
+       safe_close(tree_fd);
+
+       return fret;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_subvolumes_fsids_unmapped(void)
+{
+       int fret = -1;
+       int open_tree_fd = -EBADF, tree_fd = -EBADF;
+       struct mount_attr attr = {
+               .attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+       };
+
+       /* create directory for rename test */
+       if (btrfs_create_subvolume(t_dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* change ownership of all files to uid 0 */
+       if (fchownat(t_dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 0, 0)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fchownat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+       attr.userns_fd  = get_userns_fd(0, 10000, 10000);
+       if (attr.userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       open_tree_fd = sys_open_tree(t_dir1_fd, "",
+                                    AT_EMPTY_PATH |
+                                    AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT |
+                                    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLONE);
+       if (open_tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_open_tree");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (sys_mount_setattr(open_tree_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr, sizeof(attr))) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_mount_setattr");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (!switch_fsids(0, 0)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: switch_fsids");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * The caller's fsids don't have a mappings in the idmapped mount so
+        * any file creation must fail.
+        */
+
+       /*
+        * The open_tree() syscall returns an O_PATH file descriptor which we
+        * can't use with ioctl(). So let's reopen it as a proper file
+        * descriptor.
+        */
+       tree_fd = openat(open_tree_fd, ".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* create subvolume */
+       if (!btrfs_create_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME2)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (errno != EOVERFLOW) {
+               log_stderr("failure: errno");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* try to rename a subvolume */
+       if (!renameat2(open_tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, open_tree_fd,
+                      BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_RENAME, 0)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: renameat2");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (errno != EOVERFLOW) {
+               log_stderr("failure: errno");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* The caller is privileged over the inode so file deletion must work. */
+
+       /* remove subvolume */
+       if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       fret = 0;
+       log_debug("Ran test");
+out:
+       safe_close(attr.userns_fd);
+       safe_close(open_tree_fd);
+       safe_close(tree_fd);
+
+       return fret;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_subvolumes_fsids_unmapped_userns(void)
+{
+       int fret = -1;
+       int open_tree_fd = -EBADF, tree_fd = -EBADF, userns_fd = -EBADF;
+       struct mount_attr attr = {
+               .attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+       };
+       pid_t pid;
+
+       /* create directory for rename test */
+       if (btrfs_create_subvolume(t_dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* change ownership of all files to uid 0 */
+       if (fchownat(t_dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 0, 0)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fchownat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+       attr.userns_fd  = get_userns_fd(0, 10000, 10000);
+       if (attr.userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+       userns_fd = get_userns_fd(0, 30000, 10000);
+       if (userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       open_tree_fd = sys_open_tree(t_dir1_fd, "",
+                                    AT_EMPTY_PATH |
+                                    AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT |
+                                    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLONE);
+       if (open_tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_open_tree");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (sys_mount_setattr(open_tree_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr, sizeof(attr))) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_mount_setattr");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * The open_tree() syscall returns an O_PATH file descriptor which we
+        * can't use with ioctl(). So let's reopen it as a proper file
+        * descriptor.
+        */
+       tree_fd = openat(open_tree_fd, ".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       pid = fork();
+       if (pid < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fork");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (pid == 0) {
+               if (!switch_userns(userns_fd, 0, 0, false))
+                       die("failure: switch_userns");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(t_dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0,
+                                     t_overflowuid, t_overflowgid))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(open_tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0,
+                                     t_overflowuid, t_overflowgid))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               /*
+                * The caller's fsids don't have a mappings in the idmapped mount so
+                * any file creation must fail.
+                */
+
+               /* create subvolume */
+               if (!btrfs_create_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME2))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+               if (errno != EOVERFLOW)
+                       die("failure: errno");
+
+               /* try to rename a subvolume */
+               if (!renameat2(open_tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, open_tree_fd,
+                                       BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_RENAME, 0))
+                       die("failure: renameat2");
+               if (errno != EOVERFLOW)
+                       die("failure: errno");
+
+               /*
+                * The caller is not privileged over the inode so subvolume
+                * deletion must fail.
+                */
+
+               /* remove subvolume */
+               if (!btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+
+               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+       }
+       if (wait_for_pid(pid))
+               goto out;
+
+       /* remove subvolume */
+       if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       fret = 0;
+       log_debug("Ran test");
+out:
+       safe_close(attr.userns_fd);
+       safe_close(open_tree_fd);
+       safe_close(tree_fd);
+       safe_close(userns_fd);
+
+       return fret;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_snapshots_fsids_mapped(void)
+{
+       int fret = -1;
+       int open_tree_fd = -EBADF, tree_fd = -EBADF;
+       struct mount_attr attr = {
+               .attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+       };
+       pid_t pid;
+
+       if (!caps_supported())
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+       attr.userns_fd  = get_userns_fd(0, 10000, 10000);
+       if (attr.userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       open_tree_fd = sys_open_tree(t_dir1_fd, "",
+                                    AT_EMPTY_PATH |
+                                    AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT |
+                                    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLONE);
+       if (open_tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_open_tree");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (sys_mount_setattr(open_tree_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr, sizeof(attr))) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_mount_setattr");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * The open_tree() syscall returns an O_PATH file descriptor which we
+        * can't use with ioctl(). So let's reopen it as a proper file
+        * descriptor.
+        */
+       tree_fd = openat(open_tree_fd, ".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       pid = fork();
+       if (pid < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fork");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (pid == 0) {
+               int subvolume_fd = -EBADF;
+
+               if (!switch_fsids(10000, 10000))
+                       die("failure: switch fsids");
+
+               if (!caps_up())
+                       die("failure: raise caps");
+
+               /* The caller's fsids now have mappings in the idmapped mount so
+                * any file creation must fail.
+                */
+
+               /* create subvolume */
+               if (btrfs_create_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 10000, 10000))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               subvolume_fd = openat(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1,
+                                     O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+               if (subvolume_fd < 0)
+                       die("failure: openat");
+
+               /* create read-write snapshot */
+               if (btrfs_create_snapshot(subvolume_fd, tree_fd,
+                                         BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1, 0))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_snapshot");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1, 0, 10000, 10000))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               /* create read-only snapshot */
+               if (btrfs_create_snapshot(subvolume_fd, tree_fd,
+                                         BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1_RO,
+                                         BTRFS_SUBVOL_RDONLY))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_snapshot");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1_RO, 0, 10000, 10000))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               safe_close(subvolume_fd);
+
+               /* remove subvolume */
+               if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+
+               /* remove read-write snapshot */
+               if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+
+               /* remove read-only snapshot */
+               if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1_RO))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+
+               /* create directory */
+               if (btrfs_create_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 10000, 10000))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               subvolume_fd = openat(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1,
+                                     O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+               if (subvolume_fd < 0)
+                       die("failure: openat");
+
+               /* create read-write snapshot */
+               if (btrfs_create_snapshot(subvolume_fd, tree_fd,
+                                         BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1, 0))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_snapshot");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1, 0, 10000, 10000))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               /* create read-only snapshot */
+               if (btrfs_create_snapshot(subvolume_fd, tree_fd,
+                                         BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1_RO,
+                                         BTRFS_SUBVOL_RDONLY))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_snapshot");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1_RO, 0, 10000, 10000))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               safe_close(subvolume_fd);
+
+               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+       }
+       if (wait_for_pid(pid))
+               goto out;
+
+       /* remove directory */
+       if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* remove read-write snapshot */
+       if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* remove read-only snapshot */
+       if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1_RO)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       fret = 0;
+       log_debug("Ran test");
+out:
+       safe_close(attr.userns_fd);
+       safe_close(open_tree_fd);
+       safe_close(tree_fd);
+
+       return fret;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_snapshots_fsids_mapped_userns(void)
+{
+       int fret = -1;
+       int open_tree_fd = -EBADF, tree_fd = -EBADF;
+       struct mount_attr attr = {
+               .attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+       };
+       pid_t pid;
+
+       if (!caps_supported())
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+       attr.userns_fd  = get_userns_fd(0, 10000, 10000);
+       if (attr.userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       open_tree_fd = sys_open_tree(t_dir1_fd, "",
+                                    AT_EMPTY_PATH |
+                                    AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT |
+                                    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLONE);
+       if (open_tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_open_tree");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (sys_mount_setattr(open_tree_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr, sizeof(attr))) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_mount_setattr");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * The open_tree() syscall returns an O_PATH file descriptor which we
+        * can't use with ioctl(). So let's reopen it as a proper file
+        * descriptor.
+        */
+       tree_fd = openat(open_tree_fd, ".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       pid = fork();
+       if (pid < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fork");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (pid == 0) {
+               int subvolume_fd = -EBADF;
+
+               if (!switch_userns(attr.userns_fd, 0, 0, false))
+                       die("failure: switch_userns");
+
+               /* create subvolume */
+               if (btrfs_create_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 0, 0))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               subvolume_fd = openat(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1,
+                                     O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+               if (subvolume_fd < 0)
+                       die("failure: openat");
+
+               /* create read-write snapshot */
+               if (btrfs_create_snapshot(subvolume_fd, tree_fd,
+                                         BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1, 0))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_snapshot");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1, 0, 0, 0))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               /* create read-only snapshot */
+               if (btrfs_create_snapshot(subvolume_fd, tree_fd,
+                                         BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1_RO,
+                                         BTRFS_SUBVOL_RDONLY))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_snapshot");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1_RO, 0, 0, 0))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               safe_close(subvolume_fd);
+
+               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+       }
+       if (wait_for_pid(pid))
+               goto out;
+
+       if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 10000, 10000))
+               die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+       /* remove directory */
+       if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1, 0, 10000, 10000))
+               die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+       /* remove read-write snapshot */
+       if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1_RO, 0, 10000, 10000))
+               die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+       /* remove read-only snapshot */
+       if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1_RO)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       fret = 0;
+       log_debug("Ran test");
+out:
+       safe_close(attr.userns_fd);
+       safe_close(open_tree_fd);
+       safe_close(tree_fd);
+
+       return fret;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_snapshots_fsids_unmapped(void)
+{
+       int fret = -1;
+       int open_tree_fd = -EBADF, tree_fd = -EBADF;
+       struct mount_attr attr = {
+               .attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+       };
+       pid_t pid;
+
+       if (!caps_supported())
+               return 0;
+
+       /* create directory for rename test */
+       if (btrfs_create_subvolume(t_dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* change ownership of all files to uid 0 */
+       if (fchownat(t_dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 0, 0)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fchownat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+       attr.userns_fd  = get_userns_fd(0, 10000, 10000);
+       if (attr.userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       open_tree_fd = sys_open_tree(t_dir1_fd, "",
+                                    AT_EMPTY_PATH |
+                                    AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT |
+                                    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLONE);
+       if (open_tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_open_tree");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (sys_mount_setattr(open_tree_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr,
+                             sizeof(attr))) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_mount_setattr");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       pid = fork();
+       if (pid < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fork");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (pid == 0) {
+               int subvolume_fd = -EBADF;
+
+               if (!switch_fsids(0, 0)) {
+                       log_stderr("failure: switch_fsids");
+                       goto out;
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * The caller's fsids don't have a mappings in the idmapped
+                * mount so any file creation must fail.
+                */
+
+               /*
+                * The open_tree() syscall returns an O_PATH file descriptor
+                * which we can't use with ioctl(). So let's reopen it as a
+                * proper file descriptor.
+                */
+               tree_fd = openat(open_tree_fd, ".",
+                                O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+               if (tree_fd < 0)
+                       die("failure: openat");
+
+               subvolume_fd = openat(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1,
+                                     O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+               if (subvolume_fd < 0)
+                       die("failure: openat");
+
+               /* create directory */
+               if (!btrfs_create_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME2))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+               if (errno != EOVERFLOW)
+                       die("failure: errno");
+
+               /* create read-write snapshot */
+               if (!btrfs_create_snapshot(subvolume_fd, tree_fd,
+                                          BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1, 0))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_snapshot");
+               if (errno != EOVERFLOW)
+                       die("failure: errno");
+
+               /* create read-only snapshot */
+               if (!btrfs_create_snapshot(subvolume_fd, tree_fd,
+                                          BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1_RO,
+                                          BTRFS_SUBVOL_RDONLY))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_snapshot");
+               if (errno != EOVERFLOW)
+                       die("failure: errno");
+
+               /* try to rename a directory */
+               if (!renameat2(open_tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, open_tree_fd,
+                              BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_RENAME, 0))
+                       die("failure: renameat2");
+               if (errno != EOVERFLOW)
+                       die("failure: errno");
+
+               if (!caps_down())
+                       die("failure: caps_down");
+
+               /* create read-write snapshot */
+               if (!btrfs_create_snapshot(subvolume_fd, tree_fd,
+                                          BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1, 0))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_snapshot");
+               if (errno != EPERM)
+                       die("failure: errno");
+
+               /* create read-only snapshot */
+               if (!btrfs_create_snapshot(subvolume_fd, tree_fd,
+                                          BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1_RO,
+                                          BTRFS_SUBVOL_RDONLY))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_snapshot");
+               if (errno != EPERM)
+                       die("failure: errno");
+
+               /*
+                * The caller is not privileged over the inode so subvolume
+                * deletion must fail.
+                */
+
+               /* remove directory */
+               if (!btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+               if (errno != EPERM)
+                       die("failure: errno");
+
+               if (!caps_up())
+                       die("failure: caps_down");
+
+               /*
+                * The caller is privileged over the inode so subvolume
+                * deletion must work.
+                */
+
+               /* remove directory */
+               if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+
+               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+       }
+       if (wait_for_pid(pid))
+               goto out;
+
+       fret = 0;
+       log_debug("Ran test");
+out:
+       safe_close(attr.userns_fd);
+       safe_close(open_tree_fd);
+       safe_close(tree_fd);
+
+       return fret;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_snapshots_fsids_unmapped_userns(void)
+{
+       int fret = -1;
+       int open_tree_fd = -EBADF, subvolume_fd = -EBADF, tree_fd = -EBADF,
+           userns_fd = -EBADF;
+       struct mount_attr attr = {
+               .attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+       };
+       pid_t pid;
+
+       if (!caps_supported())
+               return 0;
+
+       /* create directory for rename test */
+       if (btrfs_create_subvolume(t_dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* change ownership of all files to uid 0 */
+       if (fchownat(t_dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 0, 0)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fchownat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+       attr.userns_fd  = get_userns_fd(0, 10000, 10000);
+       if (attr.userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+       userns_fd = get_userns_fd(0, 30000, 10000);
+       if (userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       open_tree_fd = sys_open_tree(t_dir1_fd, "",
+                                    AT_EMPTY_PATH |
+                                    AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT |
+                                    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLONE);
+       if (open_tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_open_tree");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (sys_mount_setattr(open_tree_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr,
+                             sizeof(attr))) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_mount_setattr");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * The open_tree() syscall returns an O_PATH file descriptor
+        * which we can't use with ioctl(). So let's reopen it as a
+        * proper file descriptor.
+        */
+       tree_fd = openat(open_tree_fd, ".",
+                       O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       subvolume_fd = openat(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1,
+                       O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (subvolume_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       pid = fork();
+       if (pid < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fork");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (pid == 0) {
+               if (!switch_userns(userns_fd, 0, 0, false))
+                       die("failure: switch_userns");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(t_dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0,
+                                     t_overflowuid, t_overflowgid))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(open_tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0,
+                                     t_overflowuid, t_overflowgid))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               /*
+                * The caller's fsids don't have a mappings in the idmapped
+                * mount so any file creation must fail.
+                */
+
+               /* create directory */
+               if (!btrfs_create_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME2))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+               if (errno != EOVERFLOW)
+                       die("failure: errno");
+
+               /* create read-write snapshot */
+               if (!btrfs_create_snapshot(subvolume_fd, tree_fd,
+                                          BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1, 0))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_snapshot");
+               if (errno != EPERM)
+                       die("failure: errno");
+
+               /* create read-only snapshot */
+               if (!btrfs_create_snapshot(subvolume_fd, tree_fd,
+                                          BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1_RO,
+                                          BTRFS_SUBVOL_RDONLY))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_snapshot");
+               if (errno != EPERM)
+                       die("failure: errno");
+
+               /* try to rename a directory */
+               if (!renameat2(open_tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, open_tree_fd,
+                              BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_RENAME, 0))
+                       die("failure: renameat2");
+               if (errno != EOVERFLOW)
+                       die("failure: errno");
+
+               /*
+                * The caller is not privileged over the inode so subvolume
+                * deletion must fail.
+                */
+
+               /* remove directory */
+               if (!btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+               if (errno != EPERM)
+                       die("failure: errno");
+
+               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+       }
+       if (wait_for_pid(pid))
+               goto out;
+
+       /* remove directory */
+       if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+               die("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+
+       fret = 0;
+       log_debug("Ran test");
+out:
+       safe_close(attr.userns_fd);
+       safe_close(open_tree_fd);
+       safe_close(subvolume_fd);
+       safe_close(tree_fd);
+
+       return fret;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_subvolumes_fsids_mapped_user_subvol_rm_allowed(void)
+{
+       int fret = -1;
+       int open_tree_fd = -EBADF, tree_fd = -EBADF;
+       struct mount_attr attr = {
+               .attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+       };
+       pid_t pid;
+
+       if (!caps_supported())
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+       attr.userns_fd  = get_userns_fd(0, 10000, 10000);
+       if (attr.userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       open_tree_fd = sys_open_tree(t_mnt_scratch_fd, "",
+                                    AT_EMPTY_PATH |
+                                    AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT |
+                                    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLONE);
+       if (open_tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_open_tree");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (sys_mount_setattr(open_tree_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr, sizeof(attr))) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_mount_setattr");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * The open_tree() syscall returns an O_PATH file descriptor which we
+        * can't use with ioctl(). So let's reopen it as a proper file
+        * descriptor.
+        */
+       tree_fd = openat(open_tree_fd, ".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       pid = fork();
+       if (pid < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fork");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (pid == 0) {
+               if (!switch_fsids(10000, 10000))
+                       die("failure: switch fsids");
+
+               if (!caps_down())
+                       die("failure: raise caps");
+
+               /*
+                * The caller's fsids now have mappings in the idmapped mount so
+                * any file creation must succedd.
+                */
+
+               /* create subvolume */
+               if (btrfs_create_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 10000, 10000))
+                       die("failure: check ownership");
+
+               /*
+                * The scratch device is mounted with user_subvol_rm_allowed so
+                * subvolume deletion must succeed.
+                */
+               if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+
+               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+       }
+       if (wait_for_pid(pid))
+               goto out;
+
+       fret = 0;
+       log_debug("Ran test");
+out:
+       safe_close(attr.userns_fd);
+       safe_close(open_tree_fd);
+       safe_close(tree_fd);
+
+       return fret;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_subvolumes_fsids_mapped_userns_user_subvol_rm_allowed(void)
+{
+       int fret = -1;
+       int open_tree_fd = -EBADF, tree_fd = -EBADF;
+       struct mount_attr attr = {
+               .attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+       };
+       pid_t pid;
+
+       if (!caps_supported())
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+       attr.userns_fd  = get_userns_fd(0, 10000, 10000);
+       if (attr.userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       open_tree_fd = sys_open_tree(t_mnt_scratch_fd, "",
+                                    AT_EMPTY_PATH |
+                                    AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT |
+                                    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLONE);
+       if (open_tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_open_tree");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (sys_mount_setattr(open_tree_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr, sizeof(attr))) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_mount_setattr");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * The open_tree() syscall returns an O_PATH file descriptor which we
+        * can't use with ioctl(). So let's reopen it as a proper file
+        * descriptor.
+        */
+       tree_fd = openat(open_tree_fd, ".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       pid = fork();
+       if (pid < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fork");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (pid == 0) {
+               if (!switch_userns(attr.userns_fd, 0, 0, false))
+                       die("failure: switch_userns");
+
+               /* The caller's fsids now have mappings in the idmapped mount so
+                * any file creation must fail.
+                */
+
+               /* create subvolume */
+               if (btrfs_create_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 0, 0))
+                       die("failure: check ownership");
+
+               /*
+                * The scratch device is mounted with user_subvol_rm_allowed so
+                * subvolume deletion must succeed.
+                */
+               if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+
+               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+       }
+       if (wait_for_pid(pid))
+               goto out;
+
+       fret = 0;
+       log_debug("Ran test");
+out:
+       safe_close(attr.userns_fd);
+       safe_close(open_tree_fd);
+       safe_close(tree_fd);
+
+       return fret;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_snapshots_fsids_mapped_user_subvol_rm_allowed(void)
+{
+       int fret = -1;
+       int open_tree_fd = -EBADF, tree_fd = -EBADF;
+       struct mount_attr attr = {
+               .attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+       };
+       pid_t pid;
+
+       if (!caps_supported())
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+       attr.userns_fd  = get_userns_fd(0, 10000, 10000);
+       if (attr.userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       open_tree_fd = sys_open_tree(t_mnt_scratch_fd, "",
+                                    AT_EMPTY_PATH |
+                                    AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT |
+                                    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLONE);
+       if (open_tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_open_tree");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (sys_mount_setattr(open_tree_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr, sizeof(attr))) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_mount_setattr");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * The open_tree() syscall returns an O_PATH file descriptor which we
+        * can't use with ioctl(). So let's reopen it as a proper file
+        * descriptor.
+        */
+       tree_fd = openat(open_tree_fd, ".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       pid = fork();
+       if (pid < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fork");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (pid == 0) {
+               int subvolume_fd = -EBADF;
+
+               if (!switch_fsids(10000, 10000))
+                       die("failure: switch fsids");
+
+               if (!caps_down())
+                       die("failure: raise caps");
+
+               /*
+                * The caller's fsids now have mappings in the idmapped mount so
+                * any file creation must succeed.
+                */
+
+               /* create subvolume */
+               if (btrfs_create_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 10000, 10000))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               subvolume_fd = openat(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1,
+                                     O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+               if (subvolume_fd < 0)
+                       die("failure: openat");
+
+               /* create read-write snapshot */
+               if (btrfs_create_snapshot(subvolume_fd, tree_fd,
+                                         BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1, 0))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_snapshot");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1, 0, 10000, 10000))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               /* create read-only snapshot */
+               if (btrfs_create_snapshot(subvolume_fd, tree_fd,
+                                         BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1_RO,
+                                         BTRFS_SUBVOL_RDONLY))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_snapshot");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1_RO, 0, 10000, 10000))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               safe_close(subvolume_fd);
+
+               /* remove subvolume */
+               if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+
+               /* remove read-write snapshot */
+               if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+
+               /* remove read-only snapshot */
+               if (!btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1_RO))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+
+               subvolume_fd = openat(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1_RO,
+                                     O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+               if (subvolume_fd < 0)
+                       die("failure: openat");
+
+               if (btrfs_set_subvolume_ro(subvolume_fd, false))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_set_subvolume_ro");
+
+               safe_close(subvolume_fd);
+
+               /* remove read-only snapshot */
+               if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1_RO))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+
+               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+       }
+       if (wait_for_pid(pid))
+               goto out;
+
+       fret = 0;
+       log_debug("Ran test");
+out:
+       safe_close(attr.userns_fd);
+       safe_close(open_tree_fd);
+       safe_close(tree_fd);
+
+       return fret;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_snapshots_fsids_mapped_userns_user_subvol_rm_allowed(void)
+{
+       int fret = -1;
+       int open_tree_fd = -EBADF, tree_fd = -EBADF;
+       struct mount_attr attr = {
+               .attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+       };
+       pid_t pid;
+
+       if (!caps_supported())
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+       attr.userns_fd  = get_userns_fd(0, 10000, 10000);
+       if (attr.userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       open_tree_fd = sys_open_tree(t_mnt_scratch_fd, "",
+                                    AT_EMPTY_PATH |
+                                    AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT |
+                                    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLONE);
+       if (open_tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_open_tree");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (sys_mount_setattr(open_tree_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr, sizeof(attr))) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_mount_setattr");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * The open_tree() syscall returns an O_PATH file descriptor which we
+        * can't use with ioctl(). So let's reopen it as a proper file
+        * descriptor.
+        */
+       tree_fd = openat(open_tree_fd, ".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       pid = fork();
+       if (pid < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fork");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (pid == 0) {
+               int subvolume_fd = -EBADF;
+
+               if (!switch_userns(attr.userns_fd, 0, 0, false))
+                       die("failure: switch_userns");
+
+               /* create subvolume */
+               if (btrfs_create_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 0, 0))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               subvolume_fd = openat(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1,
+                                     O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+               if (subvolume_fd < 0)
+                       die("failure: openat");
+
+               /* create read-write snapshot */
+               if (btrfs_create_snapshot(subvolume_fd, tree_fd,
+                                         BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1, 0))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_snapshot");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1, 0, 0, 0))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               /* create read-only snapshot */
+               if (btrfs_create_snapshot(subvolume_fd, tree_fd,
+                                         BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1_RO,
+                                         BTRFS_SUBVOL_RDONLY))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_snapshot");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1_RO, 0, 0, 0))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               /* remove directory */
+               if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1, 0, 0, 0))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               /* remove read-write snapshot */
+               if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1_RO, 0, 0, 0))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               /* remove read-only snapshot */
+               if (!btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1_RO))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+
+               subvolume_fd = openat(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1_RO,
+                                     O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+               if (subvolume_fd < 0)
+                       die("failure: openat");
+
+               if (btrfs_set_subvolume_ro(subvolume_fd, false))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_set_subvolume_ro");
+
+               safe_close(subvolume_fd);
+
+               /* remove read-only snapshot */
+               if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1_RO))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+
+               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+       }
+       if (wait_for_pid(pid))
+               goto out;
+
+       fret = 0;
+       log_debug("Ran test");
+out:
+       safe_close(attr.userns_fd);
+       safe_close(open_tree_fd);
+       safe_close(tree_fd);
+
+       return fret;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_delete_by_spec_id(void)
+{
+       int fret = -1;
+       int open_tree_fd = -EBADF, subvolume_fd = -EBADF, tree_fd = -EBADF;
+       uint64_t subvolume_id1 = -EINVAL, subvolume_id2 = -EINVAL;
+       struct mount_attr attr = {
+               .attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+       };
+       pid_t pid;
+
+       /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+       attr.userns_fd  = get_userns_fd(0, 10000, 10000);
+       if (attr.userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* create subvolume */
+       if (btrfs_create_subvolume(t_mnt_scratch_fd, "A")) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* create subvolume */
+       if (btrfs_create_subvolume(t_mnt_scratch_fd, "B")) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       subvolume_fd = openat(t_mnt_scratch_fd, "B", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (subvolume_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* create subvolume */
+       if (btrfs_create_subvolume(subvolume_fd, "C")) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       safe_close(subvolume_fd);
+
+       subvolume_fd = openat(t_mnt_scratch_fd, "A", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (subvolume_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (btrfs_get_subvolume_id(subvolume_fd, &subvolume_id1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_get_subvolume_id");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       subvolume_fd = openat(t_mnt_scratch_fd, "B/C", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (subvolume_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (btrfs_get_subvolume_id(subvolume_fd, &subvolume_id2)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_get_subvolume_id");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (sys_mount(t_device_scratch, t_mountpoint, "btrfs", 0, "subvol=B/C")) {
+               log_stderr("failure: mount");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       open_tree_fd = sys_open_tree(-EBADF, t_mountpoint,
+                                    AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT |
+                                    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLONE);
+       if (open_tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_open_tree");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (sys_mount_setattr(open_tree_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr, sizeof(attr))) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_mount_setattr");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * The open_tree() syscall returns an O_PATH file descriptor which we
+        * can't use with ioctl(). So let's reopen it as a proper file
+        * descriptor.
+        */
+       tree_fd = openat(open_tree_fd, ".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       pid = fork();
+       if (pid < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fork");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (pid == 0) {
+               /*
+                * The subvolume isn't exposed in the idmapped mount so
+                * delation via spec id must fail.
+                */
+               if (!btrfs_delete_subvolume_id(tree_fd, subvolume_id1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume_id");
+               if (errno != EOPNOTSUPP)
+                       die("failure: errno");
+
+               if (btrfs_delete_subvolume_id(t_mnt_scratch_fd, subvolume_id1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume_id");
+
+               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+       }
+       if (wait_for_pid(pid))
+               goto out;
+
+       fret = 0;
+       log_debug("Ran test");
+out:
+       safe_close(attr.userns_fd);
+       safe_close(open_tree_fd);
+       safe_close(tree_fd);
+       sys_umount2(t_mountpoint, MNT_DETACH);
+       btrfs_delete_subvolume_id(t_mnt_scratch_fd, subvolume_id2);
+       btrfs_delete_subvolume(t_mnt_scratch_fd, "B");
+
+       return fret;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_subvolumes_setflags_fsids_mapped(void)
+{
+       int fret = -1;
+       int open_tree_fd = -EBADF, tree_fd = -EBADF;
+       struct mount_attr attr = {
+               .attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+       };
+       pid_t pid;
+
+       if (!caps_supported())
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+       attr.userns_fd  = get_userns_fd(0, 10000, 10000);
+       if (attr.userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       open_tree_fd = sys_open_tree(t_dir1_fd, "",
+                                    AT_EMPTY_PATH |
+                                    AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT |
+                                    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLONE);
+       if (open_tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_open_tree");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (sys_mount_setattr(open_tree_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr, sizeof(attr))) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_mount_setattr");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * The open_tree() syscall returns an O_PATH file descriptor which we
+        * can't use with ioctl(). So let's reopen it as a proper file
+        * descriptor.
+        */
+       tree_fd = openat(open_tree_fd, ".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       pid = fork();
+       if (pid < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fork");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (pid == 0) {
+               int subvolume_fd = -EBADF;
+               bool read_only = false;
+
+               if (!switch_fsids(10000, 10000))
+                       die("failure: switch fsids");
+
+               if (!caps_down())
+                       die("failure: raise caps");
+
+               /* The caller's fsids now have mappings in the idmapped mount so
+                * any file creation must fail.
+                */
+
+               /* create subvolume */
+               if (btrfs_create_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 10000, 10000))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               subvolume_fd = openat(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1,
+                                     O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+               if (subvolume_fd < 0)
+                       die("failure: openat");
+
+               if (btrfs_get_subvolume_ro(subvolume_fd, &read_only))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_get_subvolume_ro");
+
+               if (read_only)
+                       die("failure: read_only");
+
+               if (btrfs_set_subvolume_ro(subvolume_fd, true))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_set_subvolume_ro");
+
+               if (btrfs_get_subvolume_ro(subvolume_fd, &read_only))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_get_subvolume_ro");
+
+               if (!read_only)
+                       die("failure: not read_only");
+
+               if (btrfs_set_subvolume_ro(subvolume_fd, false))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_set_subvolume_ro");
+
+               if (btrfs_get_subvolume_ro(subvolume_fd, &read_only))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_get_subvolume_ro");
+
+               if (read_only)
+                       die("failure: read_only");
+
+               safe_close(subvolume_fd);
+
+               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+       }
+       if (wait_for_pid(pid))
+               goto out;
+
+       /* remove directory */
+       if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       fret = 0;
+       log_debug("Ran test");
+out:
+       safe_close(attr.userns_fd);
+       safe_close(open_tree_fd);
+       safe_close(tree_fd);
+
+       return fret;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_subvolumes_setflags_fsids_mapped_userns(void)
+{
+       int fret = -1;
+       int open_tree_fd = -EBADF, tree_fd = -EBADF;
+       struct mount_attr attr = {
+               .attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+       };
+       pid_t pid;
+
+       if (!caps_supported())
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+       attr.userns_fd  = get_userns_fd(0, 10000, 10000);
+       if (attr.userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       open_tree_fd = sys_open_tree(t_dir1_fd, "",
+                                    AT_EMPTY_PATH |
+                                    AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT |
+                                    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLONE);
+       if (open_tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_open_tree");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (sys_mount_setattr(open_tree_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr, sizeof(attr))) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_mount_setattr");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * The open_tree() syscall returns an O_PATH file descriptor which we
+        * can't use with ioctl(). So let's reopen it as a proper file
+        * descriptor.
+        */
+       tree_fd = openat(open_tree_fd, ".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       pid = fork();
+       if (pid < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fork");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (pid == 0) {
+               int subvolume_fd = -EBADF;
+               bool read_only = false;
+
+               if (!switch_userns(attr.userns_fd, 0, 0, false))
+                       die("failure: switch_userns");
+
+               /* The caller's fsids now have mappings in the idmapped mount so
+                * any file creation must fail.
+                */
+
+               /* create subvolume */
+               if (btrfs_create_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 0, 0))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               subvolume_fd = openat(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1,
+                                     O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+               if (subvolume_fd < 0)
+                       die("failure: openat");
+
+               if (btrfs_get_subvolume_ro(subvolume_fd, &read_only))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_get_subvolume_ro");
+
+               if (read_only)
+                       die("failure: read_only");
+
+               if (btrfs_set_subvolume_ro(subvolume_fd, true))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_set_subvolume_ro");
+
+               if (btrfs_get_subvolume_ro(subvolume_fd, &read_only))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_get_subvolume_ro");
+
+               if (!read_only)
+                       die("failure: not read_only");
+
+               if (btrfs_set_subvolume_ro(subvolume_fd, false))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_set_subvolume_ro");
+
+               if (btrfs_get_subvolume_ro(subvolume_fd, &read_only))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_get_subvolume_ro");
+
+               if (read_only)
+                       die("failure: read_only");
+
+               safe_close(subvolume_fd);
+
+               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+       }
+       if (wait_for_pid(pid))
+               goto out;
+
+       /* remove directory */
+       if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       fret = 0;
+       log_debug("Ran test");
+out:
+       safe_close(attr.userns_fd);
+       safe_close(open_tree_fd);
+       safe_close(tree_fd);
+
+       return fret;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_subvolumes_setflags_fsids_unmapped(void)
+{
+       int fret = -1;
+       int open_tree_fd = -EBADF, tree_fd = -EBADF;
+       struct mount_attr attr = {
+               .attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+       };
+       pid_t pid;
+
+       if (!caps_supported())
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+       attr.userns_fd  = get_userns_fd(0, 10000, 10000);
+       if (attr.userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       open_tree_fd = sys_open_tree(t_dir1_fd, "",
+                                    AT_EMPTY_PATH |
+                                    AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT |
+                                    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLONE);
+       if (open_tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_open_tree");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (sys_mount_setattr(open_tree_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr, sizeof(attr))) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_mount_setattr");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * The open_tree() syscall returns an O_PATH file descriptor which we
+        * can't use with ioctl(). So let's reopen it as a proper file
+        * descriptor.
+        */
+       tree_fd = openat(open_tree_fd, ".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* create subvolume */
+       if (btrfs_create_subvolume(t_dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (!expected_uid_gid(t_dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 0, 0)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 10000, 10000)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       pid = fork();
+       if (pid < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fork");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (pid == 0) {
+               int subvolume_fd = -EBADF;
+               bool read_only = false;
+
+               subvolume_fd = openat(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1,
+                                     O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+               if (subvolume_fd < 0)
+                       die("failure: openat");
+
+               if (!switch_fsids(0, 0))
+                       die("failure: switch fsids");
+
+               if (!caps_down())
+                       die("failure: raise caps");
+
+               /*
+                * The caller's fsids don't have mappings in the idmapped mount
+                * so any file creation must fail.
+                */
+
+               if (btrfs_get_subvolume_ro(subvolume_fd, &read_only))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_get_subvolume_ro");
+
+               if (read_only)
+                       die("failure: read_only");
+
+               if (!btrfs_set_subvolume_ro(subvolume_fd, true))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_set_subvolume_ro");
+               if (errno != EPERM)
+                       die("failure: errno");
+
+               safe_close(subvolume_fd);
+
+               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+       }
+       if (wait_for_pid(pid))
+               goto out;
+
+       /* remove directory */
+       if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       fret = 0;
+       log_debug("Ran test");
+out:
+       safe_close(attr.userns_fd);
+       safe_close(open_tree_fd);
+       safe_close(tree_fd);
+
+       return fret;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_subvolumes_setflags_fsids_unmapped_userns(void)
+{
+       int fret = -1;
+       int open_tree_fd = -EBADF, tree_fd = -EBADF, userns_fd = -EBADF;
+       struct mount_attr attr = {
+               .attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+       };
+       pid_t pid;
+
+       if (!caps_supported())
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+       attr.userns_fd  = get_userns_fd(0, 10000, 10000);
+       if (attr.userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+       userns_fd = get_userns_fd(0, 30000, 10000);
+       if (userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       open_tree_fd = sys_open_tree(t_dir1_fd, "",
+                                    AT_EMPTY_PATH |
+                                    AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT |
+                                    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLONE);
+       if (open_tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_open_tree");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (sys_mount_setattr(open_tree_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr, sizeof(attr))) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_mount_setattr");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * The open_tree() syscall returns an O_PATH file descriptor which we
+        * can't use with ioctl(). So let's reopen it as a proper file
+        * descriptor.
+        */
+       tree_fd = openat(open_tree_fd, ".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* create subvolume */
+       if (btrfs_create_subvolume(t_dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (!expected_uid_gid(t_dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 0, 0)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 10000, 10000)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       pid = fork();
+       if (pid < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fork");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (pid == 0) {
+               int subvolume_fd = -EBADF;
+               bool read_only = false;
+
+               /*
+                * The caller's fsids don't have mappings in the idmapped mount
+                * so any file creation must fail.
+                */
+
+               subvolume_fd = openat(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1,
+                                     O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+               if (subvolume_fd < 0)
+                       die("failure: openat");
+
+               if (!switch_userns(userns_fd, 0, 0, false))
+                       die("failure: switch_userns");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(t_dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0,
+                                     t_overflowuid, t_overflowgid))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(open_tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0,
+                                     t_overflowuid, t_overflowgid))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               if (btrfs_get_subvolume_ro(subvolume_fd, &read_only))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_get_subvolume_ro");
+
+               if (read_only)
+                       die("failure: read_only");
+
+               if (!btrfs_set_subvolume_ro(subvolume_fd, true))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_set_subvolume_ro");
+               if (errno != EPERM)
+                       die("failure: errno");
+
+               safe_close(subvolume_fd);
+
+               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+       }
+       if (wait_for_pid(pid))
+               goto out;
+
+       /* remove directory */
+       if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       fret = 0;
+       log_debug("Ran test");
+out:
+       safe_close(attr.userns_fd);
+       safe_close(open_tree_fd);
+       safe_close(tree_fd);
+       safe_close(userns_fd);
+
+       return fret;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_snapshots_setflags_fsids_mapped(void)
+{
+       int fret = -1;
+       int open_tree_fd = -EBADF, tree_fd = -EBADF;
+       struct mount_attr attr = {
+               .attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+       };
+       pid_t pid;
+
+       if (!caps_supported())
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+       attr.userns_fd  = get_userns_fd(0, 10000, 10000);
+       if (attr.userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       open_tree_fd = sys_open_tree(t_dir1_fd, "",
+                                    AT_EMPTY_PATH |
+                                    AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT |
+                                    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLONE);
+       if (open_tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_open_tree");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (sys_mount_setattr(open_tree_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr, sizeof(attr))) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_mount_setattr");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * The open_tree() syscall returns an O_PATH file descriptor which we
+        * can't use with ioctl(). So let's reopen it as a proper file
+        * descriptor.
+        */
+       tree_fd = openat(open_tree_fd, ".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       pid = fork();
+       if (pid < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fork");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (pid == 0) {
+               int snapshot_fd = -EBADF, subvolume_fd = -EBADF;
+               bool read_only = false;
+
+               if (!switch_fsids(10000, 10000))
+                       die("failure: switch fsids");
+
+               if (!caps_down())
+                       die("failure: raise caps");
+
+               /*
+                * The caller's fsids now have mappings in the idmapped mount
+                * so any file creation must succeed.
+                */
+
+               /* create subvolume */
+               if (btrfs_create_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 10000, 10000))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               subvolume_fd = openat(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1,
+                                     O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+               if (subvolume_fd < 0)
+                       die("failure: openat");
+
+               /* create read-write snapshot */
+               if (btrfs_create_snapshot(subvolume_fd, tree_fd,
+                                         BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1, 0))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_snapshot");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1, 0, 10000, 10000))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               snapshot_fd = openat(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1,
+                                    O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+               if (snapshot_fd < 0)
+                       die("failure: openat");
+
+               if (btrfs_get_subvolume_ro(snapshot_fd, &read_only))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_get_subvolume_ro");
+
+               if (read_only)
+                       die("failure: read_only");
+
+               if (btrfs_set_subvolume_ro(snapshot_fd, true))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_set_subvolume_ro");
+
+               if (btrfs_get_subvolume_ro(snapshot_fd, &read_only))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_get_subvolume_ro");
+
+               if (!read_only)
+                       die("failure: not read_only");
+
+               if (btrfs_set_subvolume_ro(snapshot_fd, false))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_set_subvolume_ro");
+
+               if (btrfs_get_subvolume_ro(snapshot_fd, &read_only))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_get_subvolume_ro");
+
+               if (read_only)
+                       die("failure: read_only");
+
+               safe_close(snapshot_fd);
+               safe_close(subvolume_fd);
+
+               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+       }
+       if (wait_for_pid(pid))
+               goto out;
+
+       /* remove directory */
+       if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* remove directory */
+       if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       fret = 0;
+       log_debug("Ran test");
+out:
+       safe_close(attr.userns_fd);
+       safe_close(open_tree_fd);
+       safe_close(tree_fd);
+
+       return fret;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_snapshots_setflags_fsids_mapped_userns(void)
+{
+       int fret = -1;
+       int open_tree_fd = -EBADF, tree_fd = -EBADF;
+       struct mount_attr attr = {
+               .attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+       };
+       pid_t pid;
+
+       if (!caps_supported())
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+       attr.userns_fd  = get_userns_fd(0, 10000, 10000);
+       if (attr.userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       open_tree_fd = sys_open_tree(t_dir1_fd, "",
+                                    AT_EMPTY_PATH |
+                                    AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT |
+                                    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLONE);
+       if (open_tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_open_tree");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (sys_mount_setattr(open_tree_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr, sizeof(attr))) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_mount_setattr");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * The open_tree() syscall returns an O_PATH file descriptor which we
+        * can't use with ioctl(). So let's reopen it as a proper file
+        * descriptor.
+        */
+       tree_fd = openat(open_tree_fd, ".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       pid = fork();
+       if (pid < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fork");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (pid == 0) {
+               int snapshot_fd = -EBADF, subvolume_fd = -EBADF;
+               bool read_only = false;
+
+               if (!switch_userns(attr.userns_fd, 0, 0, false))
+                       die("failure: switch_userns");
+
+               /*
+                * The caller's fsids now have mappings in the idmapped mount so
+                * any file creation must succeed.
+                */
+
+               /* create subvolume */
+               if (btrfs_create_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 0, 0))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               subvolume_fd = openat(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1,
+                                     O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+               if (subvolume_fd < 0)
+                       die("failure: openat");
+
+               /* create read-write snapshot */
+               if (btrfs_create_snapshot(subvolume_fd, tree_fd,
+                                         BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1, 0))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_create_snapshot");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1, 0, 0, 0))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               snapshot_fd = openat(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1,
+                                    O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+               if (snapshot_fd < 0)
+                       die("failure: openat");
+
+               if (btrfs_get_subvolume_ro(snapshot_fd, &read_only))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_get_subvolume_ro");
+
+               if (read_only)
+                       die("failure: read_only");
+
+               if (btrfs_set_subvolume_ro(snapshot_fd, true))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_set_subvolume_ro");
+
+               if (btrfs_get_subvolume_ro(snapshot_fd, &read_only))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_get_subvolume_ro");
+
+               if (!read_only)
+                       die("failure: not read_only");
+
+               if (btrfs_set_subvolume_ro(snapshot_fd, false))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_set_subvolume_ro");
+
+               if (btrfs_get_subvolume_ro(snapshot_fd, &read_only))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_get_subvolume_ro");
+
+               if (read_only)
+                       die("failure: read_only");
+
+               safe_close(snapshot_fd);
+               safe_close(subvolume_fd);
+
+               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+       }
+       if (wait_for_pid(pid))
+               goto out;
+
+       /* remove directory */
+       if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* remove directory */
+       if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       fret = 0;
+       log_debug("Ran test");
+out:
+       safe_close(attr.userns_fd);
+       safe_close(open_tree_fd);
+       safe_close(tree_fd);
+
+       return fret;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_snapshots_setflags_fsids_unmapped(void)
+{
+       int fret = -1;
+       int open_tree_fd = -EBADF, subvolume_fd = -EBADF, tree_fd = -EBADF;
+       struct mount_attr attr = {
+               .attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+       };
+       pid_t pid;
+
+       if (!caps_supported())
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+       attr.userns_fd  = get_userns_fd(0, 10000, 10000);
+       if (attr.userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       open_tree_fd = sys_open_tree(t_dir1_fd, "",
+                                    AT_EMPTY_PATH |
+                                    AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT |
+                                    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLONE);
+       if (open_tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_open_tree");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (sys_mount_setattr(open_tree_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr, sizeof(attr))) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_mount_setattr");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * The open_tree() syscall returns an O_PATH file descriptor which we
+        * can't use with ioctl(). So let's reopen it as a proper file
+        * descriptor.
+        */
+       tree_fd = openat(open_tree_fd, ".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* create subvolume */
+       if (btrfs_create_subvolume(t_dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (!expected_uid_gid(t_dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 0, 0)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 10000, 10000)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       subvolume_fd = openat(t_dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1,
+                             O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (subvolume_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* create read-write snapshot */
+       if (btrfs_create_snapshot(subvolume_fd, t_dir1_fd,
+                                 BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1, 0)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_create_snapshot");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (!expected_uid_gid(t_dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1, 0, 0, 0)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1, 0, 10000, 10000)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       pid = fork();
+       if (pid < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fork");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (pid == 0) {
+               int snapshot_fd = -EBADF;
+               bool read_only = false;
+
+               snapshot_fd = openat(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1,
+                                    O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+               if (snapshot_fd < 0)
+                       die("failure: openat");
+
+               if (!switch_fsids(0, 0))
+                       die("failure: switch fsids");
+
+               if (!caps_down())
+                       die("failure: raise caps");
+
+               /*
+                * The caller's fsids don't have mappings in the idmapped mount
+                * so any file creation must fail.
+                */
+
+               if (btrfs_get_subvolume_ro(snapshot_fd, &read_only))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_get_subvolume_ro");
+
+               if (read_only)
+                       die("failure: read_only");
+
+               if (!btrfs_set_subvolume_ro(snapshot_fd, true))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_set_subvolume_ro");
+               if (errno != EPERM)
+                       die("failure: errno");
+
+               safe_close(snapshot_fd);
+
+               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+       }
+       if (wait_for_pid(pid))
+               goto out;
+
+       /* remove directory */
+       if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* remove directory */
+       if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       fret = 0;
+       log_debug("Ran test");
+out:
+       safe_close(attr.userns_fd);
+       safe_close(open_tree_fd);
+       safe_close(subvolume_fd);
+       safe_close(tree_fd);
+
+       return fret;
+}
+
+static int btrfs_snapshots_setflags_fsids_unmapped_userns(void)
+{
+       int fret = -1;
+       int open_tree_fd = -EBADF, subvolume_fd = -EBADF, tree_fd = -EBADF,
+           userns_fd = -EBADF;
+       struct mount_attr attr = {
+               .attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+       };
+       pid_t pid;
+
+       if (!caps_supported())
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+       attr.userns_fd  = get_userns_fd(0, 10000, 10000);
+       if (attr.userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+       userns_fd = get_userns_fd(0, 30000, 10000);
+       if (userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       open_tree_fd = sys_open_tree(t_dir1_fd, "",
+                                    AT_EMPTY_PATH |
+                                    AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT |
+                                    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLONE);
+       if (open_tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_open_tree");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (sys_mount_setattr(open_tree_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr, sizeof(attr))) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_mount_setattr");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * The open_tree() syscall returns an O_PATH file descriptor which we
+        * can't use with ioctl(). So let's reopen it as a proper file
+        * descriptor.
+        */
+       tree_fd = openat(open_tree_fd, ".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* create subvolume */
+       if (btrfs_create_subvolume(t_dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (!expected_uid_gid(t_dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 0, 0)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0, 10000, 10000)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       subvolume_fd = openat(t_dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1,
+                             O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (subvolume_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* create read-write snapshot */
+       if (btrfs_create_snapshot(subvolume_fd, t_dir1_fd,
+                                 BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1, 0)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_create_snapshot");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (!expected_uid_gid(t_dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1, 0, 0, 0)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (!expected_uid_gid(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1, 0, 10000, 10000)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       pid = fork();
+       if (pid < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fork");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (pid == 0) {
+               int snapshot_fd = -EBADF;
+               bool read_only = false;
+
+               /*
+                * The caller's fsids don't have mappings in the idmapped mount
+                * so any file creation must fail.
+                */
+
+               snapshot_fd = openat(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1,
+                                    O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+               if (snapshot_fd < 0)
+                       die("failure: openat");
+
+
+               if (!switch_userns(userns_fd, 0, 0, false))
+                       die("failure: switch_userns");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(t_dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0,
+                                     t_overflowuid, t_overflowgid))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               if (!expected_uid_gid(open_tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1, 0,
+                                     t_overflowuid, t_overflowgid))
+                       die("failure: expected_uid_gid");
+
+               /*
+                * The caller's fsids don't have mappings in the idmapped mount
+                * so any file creation must fail.
+                */
+
+               if (btrfs_get_subvolume_ro(snapshot_fd, &read_only))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_get_subvolume_ro");
+
+               if (read_only)
+                       die("failure: read_only");
+
+               if (!btrfs_set_subvolume_ro(snapshot_fd, true))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_set_subvolume_ro");
+               if (errno != EPERM)
+                       die("failure: errno");
+
+               safe_close(snapshot_fd);
+
+               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+       }
+       if (wait_for_pid(pid))
+               goto out;
+
+       /* remove directory */
+       if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* remove directory */
+       if (btrfs_delete_subvolume(tree_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME1_SNAPSHOT1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_delete_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       fret = 0;
+       log_debug("Ran test");
+out:
+       safe_close(attr.userns_fd);
+       safe_close(open_tree_fd);
+       safe_close(subvolume_fd);
+       safe_close(tree_fd);
+       safe_close(userns_fd);
+
+       return fret;
+}
+
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL1 "subvol1"
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL2 "subvol2"
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL3 "subvol3"
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL4 "subvol4"
+
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL1_ID 0
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL2_ID 1
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL3_ID 2
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL4_ID 3
+
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_DIR1 "dir1"
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_DIR2 "dir2"
+
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_MNT "mnt_subvolume1"
+
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL1xSUBVOL3 "subvol1/subvol3"
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL1xDIR1xDIR2 "subvol1/dir1/dir2"
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL1xDIR1xDIR2xSUBVOL4 "subvol1/dir1/dir2/subvol4"
+
+/*
+ * We create the following mount layout to test lookup:
+ *
+ * |-/mnt/test                    /dev/loop0                   btrfs       rw,relatime,space_cache,subvolid=5,subvol=/
+ * | |-/mnt/test/mnt1             /dev/loop1[/subvol1]         btrfs       rw,relatime,space_cache,user_subvol_rm_allowed,subvolid=268,subvol=/subvol1
+ * '-/mnt/scratch                 /dev/loop1                   btrfs       rw,relatime,space_cache,user_subvol_rm_allowed,subvolid=5,subvol=/
+ */
+static int btrfs_subvolume_lookup_user(void)
+{
+       int fret = -1;
+       int dir1_fd = -EBADF, dir2_fd = -EBADF, mnt_fd = -EBADF,
+           open_tree_fd = -EBADF, tree_fd = -EBADF, userns_fd = -EBADF;
+       int subvolume_fds[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL4_ID + 1];
+       uint64_t subvolume_ids[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL4_ID + 1];
+       uint64_t subvolid = -EINVAL;
+       struct mount_attr attr = {
+               .attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+       };
+       pid_t pid;
+       struct btrfs_iter *iter;
+
+       if (!caps_supported())
+               return 0;
+
+       for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(subvolume_fds); i++)
+               subvolume_fds[i] = -EBADF;
+
+       for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(subvolume_ids); i++)
+               subvolume_ids[i] = -EINVAL;
+
+       if (btrfs_create_subvolume(t_mnt_scratch_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (btrfs_create_subvolume(t_mnt_scratch_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL2)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       subvolume_fds[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL1_ID] = openat(t_mnt_scratch_fd,
+                                                          BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL1,
+                                                          O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (subvolume_fds[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL1_ID] < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* create subvolume */
+       if (btrfs_create_subvolume(subvolume_fds[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL1_ID], BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL3)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (mkdirat(subvolume_fds[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL1_ID], BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_DIR1, 0777)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: mkdirat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       dir1_fd = openat(subvolume_fds[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL1_ID], BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_DIR1,
+                        O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (dir1_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (mkdirat(dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_DIR2, 0777)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: mkdirat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       dir2_fd = openat(dir1_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_DIR2, O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (dir2_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (btrfs_create_subvolume(dir2_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL4)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_create_subvolume");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (mkdirat(t_mnt_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_MNT, 0777)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: mkdirat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       snprintf(t_buf, sizeof(t_buf), "%s/%s", t_mountpoint, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_MNT);
+       if (sys_mount(t_device_scratch, t_buf, "btrfs", 0,
+                     "subvol=" BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL1)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: mount");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       mnt_fd = openat(t_mnt_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_MNT, O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (mnt_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (chown_r(t_mnt_scratch_fd, ".", 1000, 1000)) {
+               log_stderr("failure: chown_r");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       subvolume_fds[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL2_ID] = openat(t_mnt_scratch_fd,
+                                                          BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL2,
+                                                          O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (subvolume_fds[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL2_ID] < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (btrfs_get_subvolume_id(subvolume_fds[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL1_ID],
+                                  &subvolume_ids[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL1_ID])) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_get_subvolume_id");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (btrfs_get_subvolume_id(subvolume_fds[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL2_ID],
+                                  &subvolume_ids[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL2_ID])) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_get_subvolume_id");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       subvolume_fds[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL3_ID] = openat(t_mnt_scratch_fd,
+                                                          BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL1xSUBVOL3,
+                                                          O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (subvolume_fds[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL3_ID] < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (btrfs_get_subvolume_id(subvolume_fds[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL3_ID],
+                                  &subvolume_ids[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL3_ID])) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_get_subvolume_id");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       subvolume_fds[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL4_ID] = openat(t_mnt_scratch_fd,
+                                                          BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL1xDIR1xDIR2xSUBVOL4,
+                                                          O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (subvolume_fds[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL4_ID] < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (btrfs_get_subvolume_id(subvolume_fds[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL4_ID],
+                                  &subvolume_ids[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL4_ID])) {
+               log_stderr("failure: btrfs_get_subvolume_id");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+
+       if (fchmod(subvolume_fds[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL3_ID], S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IXUSR), 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fchmod");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (fchmod(subvolume_fds[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL4_ID], S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IXUSR), 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fchmod");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       attr.userns_fd  = get_userns_fd(0, 10000, 10000);
+       if (attr.userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       open_tree_fd = sys_open_tree(mnt_fd, "",
+                                    AT_EMPTY_PATH |
+                                    AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT |
+                                    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
+                                    OPEN_TREE_CLONE);
+       if (open_tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_open_tree");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (sys_mount_setattr(open_tree_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr, sizeof(attr))) {
+               log_stderr("failure: sys_mount_setattr");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * The open_tree() syscall returns an O_PATH file descriptor which we
+        * can't use with ioctl(). So let's reopen it as a proper file
+        * descriptor.
+        */
+       tree_fd = openat(open_tree_fd, ".", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (tree_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: openat");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       pid = fork();
+       if (pid < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fork");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (pid == 0) {
+               bool subvolume3_found = false, subvolume4_found = false;
+
+               if (!switch_fsids(11000, 11000))
+                       die("failure: switch fsids");
+
+               if (!caps_down())
+                       die("failure: lower caps");
+
+               if (btrfs_iterator_start(tree_fd, 0, &iter))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_iterator_start");
+
+               for (;;) {
+                       char *subvol_path = NULL;
+                       int ret;
+
+                       ret = btrfs_iterator_next(iter, &subvol_path, &subvolid);
+                       if (ret == 1)
+                               break;
+                       else if (ret)
+                               die("failure: btrfs_iterator_next");
+
+                       if (subvolid != subvolume_ids[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL3_ID] &&
+                           subvolid != subvolume_ids[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL4_ID])
+                               die("failure: subvolume id %llu->%s",
+                                   (long long unsigned)subvolid, subvol_path);
+
+                       if (subvolid == subvolume_ids[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL3_ID])
+                               subvolume3_found = true;
+
+                       if (subvolid == subvolume_ids[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL4_ID])
+                               subvolume4_found = true;
+
+                       free(subvol_path);
+               }
+               btrfs_iterator_end(iter);
+
+               if (!subvolume3_found || !subvolume4_found)
+                       die("failure: subvolume id");
+
+               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+       }
+       if (wait_for_pid(pid))
+               goto out;
+
+       pid = fork();
+       if (pid < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fork");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (pid == 0) {
+               bool subvolume3_found = false, subvolume4_found = false;
+
+               if (!switch_userns(attr.userns_fd, 0, 0, false))
+                       die("failure: switch_userns");
+
+               if (btrfs_iterator_start(tree_fd, 0, &iter))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_iterator_start");
+
+               for (;;) {
+                       char *subvol_path = NULL;
+                       int ret;
+
+                       ret = btrfs_iterator_next(iter, &subvol_path, &subvolid);
+                       if (ret == 1)
+                               break;
+                       else if (ret)
+                               die("failure: btrfs_iterator_next");
+
+                       if (subvolid != subvolume_ids[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL3_ID] &&
+                           subvolid != subvolume_ids[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL4_ID])
+                               die("failure: subvolume id %llu->%s",
+                                   (long long unsigned)subvolid, subvol_path);
+
+                       if (subvolid == subvolume_ids[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL3_ID])
+                               subvolume3_found = true;
+
+                       if (subvolid == subvolume_ids[BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_SUBVOL4_ID])
+                               subvolume4_found = true;
+
+                       free(subvol_path);
+               }
+               btrfs_iterator_end(iter);
+
+               if (!subvolume3_found || !subvolume4_found)
+                       die("failure: subvolume id");
+
+               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+       }
+       if (wait_for_pid(pid))
+               goto out;
+
+       pid = fork();
+       if (pid < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fork");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (pid == 0) {
+               bool subvolume_found = false;
+
+               if (!switch_fsids(0, 0))
+                       die("failure: switch fsids");
+
+               if (!caps_down())
+                       die("failure: lower caps");
+
+               if (btrfs_iterator_start(tree_fd, 0, &iter))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_iterator_start");
+
+               for (;;) {
+                       char *subvol_path = NULL;
+                       int ret;
+
+                       ret = btrfs_iterator_next(iter, &subvol_path, &subvolid);
+                       if (ret == 1)
+                               break;
+                       else if (ret)
+                               die("failure: btrfs_iterator_next");
+
+                       free(subvol_path);
+
+                       subvolume_found = true;
+                       break;
+               }
+               btrfs_iterator_end(iter);
+
+               if (subvolume_found)
+                       die("failure: subvolume id");
+
+               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+       }
+       if (wait_for_pid(pid))
+               goto out;
+
+       userns_fd = get_userns_fd(0, 30000, 10000);
+       if (userns_fd < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: get_userns_fd");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       pid = fork();
+       if (pid < 0) {
+               log_stderr("failure: fork");
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (pid == 0) {
+               bool subvolume_found = false;
+
+               if (!switch_userns(userns_fd, 0, 0, true))
+                       die("failure: switch_userns");
+
+               if (btrfs_iterator_start(tree_fd, 0, &iter))
+                       die("failure: btrfs_iterator_start");
+
+               for (;;) {
+                       char *subvol_path = NULL;
+                       int ret;
+
+                       ret = btrfs_iterator_next(iter, &subvol_path, &subvolid);
+                       if (ret == 1)
+                               break;
+                       else if (ret)
+                               die("failure: btrfs_iterator_next");
+
+                       free(subvol_path);
+
+                       subvolume_found = true;
+                       break;
+               }
+               btrfs_iterator_end(iter);
+
+               if (subvolume_found)
+                       die("failure: subvolume id");
+
+               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+       }
+       if (wait_for_pid(pid))
+               goto out;
+
+       fret = 0;
+       log_debug("Ran test");
+out:
+       safe_close(dir1_fd);
+       safe_close(dir2_fd);
+       safe_close(open_tree_fd);
+       safe_close(tree_fd);
+       safe_close(userns_fd);
+       for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(subvolume_fds); i++)
+               safe_close(subvolume_fds[i]);
+       snprintf(t_buf, sizeof(t_buf), "%s/%s", t_mountpoint, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_MNT);
+       sys_umount2(t_buf, MNT_DETACH);
+       unlinkat(t_mnt_fd, BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_MNT, AT_REMOVEDIR);
+
+       return fret;
+}
+
+static void usage(void)
+{
+       fprintf(stderr, "Description:\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "    Run idmapped mount tests\n\n");
+
+       fprintf(stderr, "Arguments:\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "--device                     Device used in the tests\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "--fstype                     Filesystem type used in the tests\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "--help                       Print help\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "--mountpoint                 Mountpoint of device\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "--supported                  Test whether idmapped mounts are supported on this filesystem\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "--scratch-mountpoint         Mountpoint of scratch device used in the tests\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "--scratch-device             Scratch device used in the tests\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "--test-core                  Run core idmapped mount testsuite\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "--test-fscaps-regression     Run fscap regression tests\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "--test-nested-userns         Run nested userns idmapped mount testsuite\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "--test-btrfs                 Run btrfs specific idmapped mount testsuite\n");
+
+       _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+static const struct option longopts[] = {
+       {"device",                      required_argument,      0,      'd'},
+       {"fstype",                      required_argument,      0,      'f'},
+       {"mountpoint",                  required_argument,      0,      'm'},
+       {"scratch-mountpoint",          required_argument,      0,      'a'},
+       {"scratch-device",              required_argument,      0,      'e'},
+       {"supported",                   no_argument,            0,      's'},
+       {"help",                        no_argument,            0,      'h'},
+       {"test-core",                   no_argument,            0,      'c'},
+       {"test-fscaps-regression",      no_argument,            0,      'g'},
+       {"test-nested-userns",          no_argument,            0,      'n'},
+       {"test-btrfs",                  no_argument,            0,      'b'},
+       {NULL,                          0,                      0,        0},
+};
+
+struct t_idmapped_mounts {
+       int (*test)(void);
+       const char *description;
+} basic_suite[] = {
+       { acls,                                                         "posix acls on regular mounts",                                                                 },
+       { create_in_userns,                                             "create operations in user namespace",                                                          },
+       { device_node_in_userns,                                        "device node in user namespace",                                                                },
+       { expected_uid_gid_idmapped_mounts,                             "expected ownership on idmapped mounts",                                                        },
+       { fscaps,                                                       "fscaps on regular mounts",                                                                     },
+       { fscaps_idmapped_mounts,                                       "fscaps on idmapped mounts",                                                                    },
+       { fscaps_idmapped_mounts_in_userns,                             "fscaps on idmapped mounts in user namespace",                                                  },
+       { fscaps_idmapped_mounts_in_userns_separate_userns,             "fscaps on idmapped mounts in user namespace with different id mappings",                       },
+       { fsids_mapped,                                                 "mapped fsids",                                                                                 },
+       { fsids_unmapped,                                               "unmapped fsids",                                                                               },
+       { hardlink_crossing_mounts,                                     "cross mount hardlink",                                                                         },
+       { hardlink_crossing_idmapped_mounts,                            "cross idmapped mount hardlink",                                                                },
+       { hardlink_from_idmapped_mount,                                 "hardlinks from idmapped mounts",                                                               },
+       { hardlink_from_idmapped_mount_in_userns,                       "hardlinks from idmapped mounts in user namespace",                                             },
+#ifdef HAVE_LIBURING_H
+       { io_uring,                                                     "io_uring",                                                                                     },
+       { io_uring_userns,                                              "io_uring in user namespace",                                                                   },
+       { io_uring_idmapped,                                            "io_uring from idmapped mounts",                                                                },
+       { io_uring_idmapped_userns,                                     "io_uring from idmapped mounts in user namespace",                                              },
+       { io_uring_idmapped_unmapped,                                   "io_uring from idmapped mounts with unmapped ids",                                              },
+       { io_uring_idmapped_unmapped_userns,                            "io_uring from idmapped mounts with unmapped ids in user namespace",                            },
+#endif
+       { protected_symlinks,                                           "following protected symlinks on regular mounts",                                               },
+       { protected_symlinks_idmapped_mounts,                           "following protected symlinks on idmapped mounts",                                              },
+       { protected_symlinks_idmapped_mounts_in_userns,                 "following protected symlinks on idmapped mounts in user namespace",                            },
+       { rename_crossing_mounts,                                       "cross mount rename",                                                                           },
+       { rename_crossing_idmapped_mounts,                              "cross idmapped mount rename",                                                                  },
+       { rename_from_idmapped_mount,                                   "rename from idmapped mounts",                                                                  },
+       { rename_from_idmapped_mount_in_userns,                         "rename from idmapped mounts in user namespace",                                                },
+       { setattr_truncate,                                             "setattr truncate",                                                                             },
+       { setattr_truncate_idmapped,                                    "setattr truncate on idmapped mounts",                                                          },
+       { setattr_truncate_idmapped_in_userns,                          "setattr truncate on idmapped mounts in user namespace",                                        },
+       { setgid_create,                                                "create operations in directories with setgid bit set",                                         },
+       { setgid_create_idmapped,                                       "create operations in directories with setgid bit set on idmapped mounts",                      },
+       { setgid_create_idmapped_in_userns,                             "create operations in directories with setgid bit set on idmapped mounts in user namespace",    },
+       { setid_binaries,                                               "setid binaries on regular mounts",                                                             },
+       { setid_binaries_idmapped_mounts,                               "setid binaries on idmapped mounts",                                                            },
+       { setid_binaries_idmapped_mounts_in_userns,                     "setid binaries on idmapped mounts in user namespace",                                          },
+       { setid_binaries_idmapped_mounts_in_userns_separate_userns,     "setid binaries on idmapped mounts in user namespace with different id mappings",               },
+       { sticky_bit_unlink,                                            "sticky bit unlink operations on regular mounts",                                               },
+       { sticky_bit_unlink_idmapped_mounts,                            "sticky bit unlink operations on idmapped mounts",                                              },
+       { sticky_bit_unlink_idmapped_mounts_in_userns,                  "sticky bit unlink operations on idmapped mounts in user namespace",                            },
+       { sticky_bit_rename,                                            "sticky bit rename operations on regular mounts",                                               },
+       { sticky_bit_rename_idmapped_mounts,                            "sticky bit rename operations on idmapped mounts",                                              },
+       { sticky_bit_rename_idmapped_mounts_in_userns,                  "sticky bit rename operations on idmapped mounts in user namespace",                            },
+       { symlink_regular_mounts,                                       "symlink from regular mounts",                                                                  },
+       { symlink_idmapped_mounts,                                      "symlink from idmapped mounts",                                                                 },
+       { symlink_idmapped_mounts_in_userns,                            "symlink from idmapped mounts in user namespace",                                               },
+       { threaded_idmapped_mount_interactions,                         "threaded operations on idmapped mounts",                                                       },
+};
+
+struct t_idmapped_mounts fscaps_in_ancestor_userns[] = {
+       { fscaps_idmapped_mounts_in_userns_valid_in_ancestor_userns,    "fscaps on idmapped mounts in user namespace writing fscap valid in ancestor userns",           },
+};
+
+struct t_idmapped_mounts t_nested_userns[] = {
+       { nested_userns,                                                "test that nested user namespaces behave correctly when attached to idmapped mounts",           },
+};
+
+struct t_idmapped_mounts t_btrfs[] = {
+       { btrfs_subvolumes_fsids_mapped,                                "test subvolumes with mapped fsids",                                                            },
+       { btrfs_subvolumes_fsids_mapped_userns,                         "test subvolumes with mapped fsids inside user namespace",                                      },
+       { btrfs_subvolumes_fsids_mapped_user_subvol_rm_allowed,         "test subvolume deletion with user_subvol_rm_allowed mount option",                             },
+       { btrfs_subvolumes_fsids_mapped_userns_user_subvol_rm_allowed,  "test subvolume deletion with user_subvol_rm_allowed mount option inside user namespace",       },
+       { btrfs_subvolumes_fsids_unmapped,                              "test subvolumes with unmapped fsids",                                                          },
+       { btrfs_subvolumes_fsids_unmapped_userns,                       "test subvolumes with unmapped fsids inside user namespace",                                    },
+       { btrfs_snapshots_fsids_mapped,                                 "test snapshots with mapped fsids",                                                             },
+       { btrfs_snapshots_fsids_mapped_userns,                          "test snapshots with mapped fsids inside user namespace",                                       },
+       { btrfs_snapshots_fsids_mapped_user_subvol_rm_allowed,          "test snapshots deletion with user_subvol_rm_allowed mount option",                             },
+       { btrfs_snapshots_fsids_mapped_userns_user_subvol_rm_allowed,   "test snapshots deletion with user_subvol_rm_allowed mount option inside user namespace",       },
+       { btrfs_snapshots_fsids_unmapped,                               "test snapshots with unmapped fsids",                                                           },
+       { btrfs_snapshots_fsids_unmapped_userns,                        "test snapshots with unmapped fsids inside user namespace",                                     },
+       { btrfs_delete_by_spec_id,                                      "test subvolume deletion by spec id",                                                           },
+       { btrfs_subvolumes_setflags_fsids_mapped,                       "test subvolume flags with mapped fsids",                                                       },
+       { btrfs_subvolumes_setflags_fsids_mapped_userns,                "test subvolume flags with mapped fsids inside user namespace",                                 },
+       { btrfs_subvolumes_setflags_fsids_unmapped,                     "test subvolume flags with unmapped fsids",                                                     },
+       { btrfs_subvolumes_setflags_fsids_unmapped_userns,              "test subvolume flags with unmapped fsids inside user namespace",                               },
+       { btrfs_snapshots_setflags_fsids_mapped,                        "test snapshots flags with mapped fsids",                                                       },
+       { btrfs_snapshots_setflags_fsids_mapped_userns,                 "test snapshots flags with mapped fsids inside user namespace",                                 },
+       { btrfs_snapshots_setflags_fsids_unmapped,                      "test snapshots flags with unmapped fsids",                                                     },
+       { btrfs_snapshots_setflags_fsids_unmapped_userns,               "test snapshots flags with unmapped fsids inside user namespace",                               },
+       { btrfs_subvolume_lookup_user,                                  "test unprivileged subvolume lookup",                                                           },
+};
+
+static bool run_test(struct t_idmapped_mounts suite[], size_t suite_size)
+{
+       int i;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < suite_size; i++) {
+               struct t_idmapped_mounts *t = &suite[i];
+               int ret;
+               pid_t pid;
+
+               test_setup();
+
+               pid = fork();
+               if (pid < 0)
+                       return false;
+
+               if (pid == 0) {
+                       ret = t->test();
+                       if (ret)
+                               die("failure: %s", t->description);
+
+                       exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+               }
+
+               ret = wait_for_pid(pid);
+               test_cleanup();
+
+               if (ret)
+                       return false;
+       }
+
+       return true;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+       int fret, ret;
+       int index = 0;
+       bool supported = false, test_btrfs = false, test_core = false,
+            test_fscaps_regression = false, test_nested_userns = false;
+
+       while ((ret = getopt_long_only(argc, argv, "", longopts, &index)) != -1) {
+               switch (ret) {
+               case 'd':
+                       t_device = optarg;
+                       break;
+               case 'f':
+                       t_fstype = optarg;
+                       break;
+               case 'm':
+                       t_mountpoint = optarg;
+                       break;
+               case 's':
+                       supported = true;
+                       break;
+               case 'c':
+                       test_core = true;
+                       break;
+               case 'g':
+                       test_fscaps_regression = true;
+                       break;
+               case 'n':
+                       test_nested_userns = true;
+                       break;
+               case 'b':
+                       test_btrfs = true;
+                       break;
+               case 'a':
+                       t_mountpoint_scratch = optarg;
+                       break;
+               case 'e':
+                       t_device_scratch = optarg;
+                       break;
+               case 'h':
+                       /* fallthrough */
+               default:
+                       usage();
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (!t_device)
+               die_errno(EINVAL, "test device missing");
+
+       if (!t_fstype)
+               die_errno(EINVAL, "test filesystem type missing");
+
+       if (!t_mountpoint)
+               die_errno(EINVAL, "mountpoint of test device missing");
+
+       /* create separate mount namespace */
+       if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS))
+               die("failure: create new mount namespace");
+
+       /* turn off mount propagation */
+       if (sys_mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_REC | MS_PRIVATE, 0))
+               die("failure: turn mount propagation off");
+
+       t_mnt_fd = openat(-EBADF, t_mountpoint, O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (t_mnt_fd < 0)
+               die("failed to open %s", t_mountpoint);
+
+       t_mnt_scratch_fd = openat(-EBADF, t_mountpoint_scratch, O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY);
+       if (t_mnt_fd < 0)
+               die("failed to open %s", t_mountpoint_scratch);
+
+       /*
+        * Caller just wants to know whether the filesystem we're on supports
+        * idmapped mounts.
+        */
+       if (supported) {
+               int open_tree_fd = -EBADF;
+               struct mount_attr attr = {
+                       .attr_set       = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+                       .userns_fd      = -EBADF,
+               };
+
+               /* Changing mount properties on a detached mount. */
+               attr.userns_fd  = get_userns_fd(0, 1000, 1);
+               if (attr.userns_fd < 0)
+                       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+               open_tree_fd = sys_open_tree(t_mnt_fd, "",
+                                            AT_EMPTY_PATH |
+                                            AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT |
+                                            AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW |
+                                            OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
+                                            OPEN_TREE_CLONE);
+               if (open_tree_fd < 0)
+                       ret = -1;
+               else
+                       ret = sys_mount_setattr(open_tree_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr, sizeof(attr));
+
+               close(open_tree_fd);
+               close(attr.userns_fd);
+
+               if (ret)
+                       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+               exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+       }
+
+       stash_overflowuid();
+       stash_overflowgid();
+
+       fret = EXIT_FAILURE;
+
+       if (test_core && !run_test(basic_suite, ARRAY_SIZE(basic_suite)))
+               goto out;
+
+       if (test_fscaps_regression &&
+           !run_test(fscaps_in_ancestor_userns,
+                     ARRAY_SIZE(fscaps_in_ancestor_userns)))
+               goto out;
+
+       if (test_nested_userns &&
+           !run_test(t_nested_userns, ARRAY_SIZE(t_nested_userns)))
+               goto out;
+
+       if (test_btrfs && !run_test(t_btrfs, ARRAY_SIZE(t_btrfs)))
                goto out;
 
        fret = EXIT_SUCCESS;