neorados: specify alignments for aligned_storage

neorados: specify alignments for aligned_storage

the default alignment of `Alignment = std::bit_ceil(S)` was a very
conservative estimate. reduce that to `alignof(std::max_align_t)` to
match the old behavior, then assert on construction that the given
alignment is large enough for the implementation's type

Fixes: https://tracker.ceph.com/issues/73750
Signed-off-by: Casey Bodley <cbodley@redhat.com>
(cherry picked from commit 7f388199b5a20cd5507f3d7208731026f324b6fd)

Conflicts:
  - src/include/neorados/RADOS.hpp
    struct alignas was missing in tentacle and been used, adding it