mgr/cephadm: Control cephadm.log messages based on a new mgr logging level flag

mgr/cephadm: Control cephadm.log messages based on a new mgr logging level flag

  Introduces a new 'cephadm_binary_logging_level' config option to control
  the verbosity of cephadm logging to persistent destinations (cephadm.log, syslog).

  - Adds --logging-level CLI flag (info, debug, error, warning)
  - Adds mgr/cephadm/cephadm_binary_logging_level config option
  - Applies logging level to file and syslog handlers
  - Console handlers maintain their defaults for terminal UX

Fixes: https://tracker.ceph.com/issues/74872
Signed-off-by: Ashwin M. Joshi <ashjosh1@in.ibm.com>
(cherry picked from commit 63b91836b00bae9fb2ba19ee837edccb7f2840bb)