monc: backoff the timeout period when reconnecting

monc: backoff the timeout period when reconnecting

If the monitors are systematically slowing down, we don't want to spam
them with reconnect attempts every three seconds. Instead, every time
we issue a reconnect, multiply our timeout period by a configurable; when
we complete the connection, reduce that multipler by 50%. This should let
us respond to monitor load.
Of course, we don't want to do that for initial startup in the case of a
couple down monitors, so don't apply the backoff until we've successfully
connected to a monitor at least once.

Signed-off-by: Greg Farnum <greg@inktank.com>
Reviewed-by: Sage Weil <sage@inktank.com>
(cherry picked from commit 794c86fd289bd62a35ed14368fa096c46736e9a2)