os/bluestore: fix race between SharedBlobSet::lookup and SharedBlob::put

os/bluestore: fix race between SharedBlobSet::lookup and SharedBlob::put

A                             B
SharedBlobSet::lookup()
  takes lock
  nref is not 0
                              SharedBlob::put()
                                --nref
returns SharedBlobRef,
  ++nref
                                takes cache lock
                                SharedBlobSet::remove
                                  takes lock
                                  removes
                                deletes SharedBlob

-> A ends up with a ref to deleted SharedBlob

Fix by verifying that nref is still zero in SharedBlobSet::remove(),
while we are holding the SharedBlobSet::lock.  The lock ensures that we
have increased the ref for the lookup before entering remove, so we can
verify that nref is still zero before removing it.  If not, we have
raced, and put() bails out and does nothing.

Fixes: http://tracker.ceph.com/issues/36526
Signed-off-by: Sage Weil <sage@redhat.com>