cephadm: fix `cephadm shell --name <daemon-name>` for stopped/failed daemon

cephadm: fix `cephadm shell --name <daemon-name>` for stopped/failed daemon

This previously would always try to use 'podman
inspect' on the running container of the daemon,
but this doesn't work if the daemon is stopped
or failed. Doing this for stopped/failed daemons
is a valid use case as we recommend cephadm shell
with --name for running debugging tools (often
for OSDs)

Fixes: https://tracker.ceph.com/issues/64879
Signed-off-by: Adam King <adking@redhat.com>
(cherry picked from commit dc5e1ea20c31e1089966ab89370d82e24d138524)