malfunctions) and the administrator needs access to physical hardware.
-In the following example, the bucket hierarchy has a leaf bucket named ``osd``
-and two node buckets named ``host`` and ``rack``:
+In the following example, the CRUSH hierarchy has ``osd`` leaf buckets
+and two node-level buckets at the ``host`` level that are in turn children
+of a ``rack`` bucket :
.. ditaa::
+-----------+
- | {o}rack |
- | Bucket |
+ | {o}rack11 |
+-----+-----+
|
+---------------+---------------+
| |
+-----+-----+ +-----+-----+
- | {o}host | | {o}host |
- | Bucket | | Bucket |
+ | {o}host1 | | {o}host2 |
+-----+-----+ +-----+-----+
| |
+-------+-------+ +-------+-------+
| | | |
+-----+-----+ +-----+-----+ +-----+-----+ +-----+-----+
- | osd | | osd | | osd | | osd |
- | Bucket | | Bucket | | Bucket | | Bucket |
+ | osd0 | | osd1 | | osd2 | | osd3 |
+-----------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ +-----------+
-.. note:: The higher-numbered ``rack`` bucket type aggregates the
- lower-numbered ``host`` bucket type.
+.. note:: The higher type-number ``rack`` bucket aggregates the
+ lower type-number ``host`` buckets, which in turn aggregate the basal
+ type 0 ``osd`` buckets.
Because leaf nodes reflect storage devices that have already been declared
under the ``#devices`` list at the beginning of the CRUSH map, there is no need
to declare them as bucket instances. The second-lowest bucket type in your
-hierarchy is typically used to aggregate the devices (that is, the
-second-lowest bucket type is usually the computer that contains the storage
-media and, such as ``node``, ``computer``, ``server``, ``host``, or
-``machine``). In high-density environments, it is common to have multiple hosts
-or nodes in a single chassis (for example, in the cases of blades or twins). It
-is important to anticipate the potential consequences of chassis failure -- for
-example, during the replacement of a chassis in case of a node failure, the
-chassis's hosts or nodes (and their associated OSDs) will be in a ``down``
-state.
+hierarchy is typically used to aggregate the devices: usually
+the server that houses the storage drives.
+In high-density environments, it is common to have multiple hosts
+or nodes in a single chassis: blades or twins. It
+is important to anticipate the potential consequences of chassis failure. For
+example, during the replacement of a chassis in case of a node failure,
+all of the
+chassis's hosts and their associated OSDs will be in the ``down``
+state and thus unavailable. It is important to avoid placing multiple replicas
+or shards of data within a single such chassis, which in this case is
+a _failure domain_.
To declare a bucket instance, do the following: specify its type, give it a
unique name (an alphanumeric string), assign it a unique ID expressed as a